Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2025; 133(04): 205-223
DOI: 10.1055/a-2490-5096
German Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Guidelines

Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow-Up of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents

Martin Holder
1   Olgahospital, Stuttgart Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
,
Clemens Kamrath
2   University Children’s Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
,
Karin Lange
3   Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
,
Sebastian Kummer
4   University Children’s Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
,
Ralph Ziegler
5   Diabetological Practice for Children and Adolescents, Münster, Germany
› Institutsangaben
Preview
Abbreviations

ADA American Diabetes Association

AGPD Working Group for Paediatric Diabetology (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pädiatrische Diabetologie)

AID Automated insulin delivery

BG Blood glucose

BMI Body mass index

CF Cystic fibrosis

CFRD Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (diabetes with cystic fibrosis)

CSII Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

CGM Continuous glucose monitoring

CV Coefficient of variation=Glycaemic variability

DDG German Diabetes Society (Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft)

DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis

DGPAED German Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology and Diabetology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische und Adoleszente Endokrinologie und Diabetologie)

fT4 Free thyroxine

GAD65A Autoantibodies against glutamate decarboxylase of the B-cell

GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1

GMI Glucose Management Indicator

HCL Hybrid closed-loop system

HHS Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome

IAA Insulin autoantibodies

ICA Islet cell antibody

IgA Immunoglobulin

ICT Intensified conventional insulin therapy

ISPAD International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes

MODY Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young

MRI Magnetic resonance imaging

NDM Neonatal diabetes mellitus

NGS Next generation sequencing

NPH Neutral protamine Hagedorn

oGTT Oral glucose tolerance test

PLGS Predictive low-glucose suspend systems

QoL Quality of life

RKI Robert Koch Institute

SAP Sensor-augmented pump therapy

SGLT-2 Sodium glucose linked transporter 2

SMBG Blood glucose self-monitoring

T1D Type 1 diabetes

T2D Type 2 diabetes

T3 Triiodothyronine

T4 Thyroxine

TaR Time-above-range

TbR Time-below-range

TiR Time-in-range

TNDM Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus

TPO Anti-thyreo peroxidase

TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Notice of update

The DDG clinical practice guidelines are updated regularly during the second half of the calendar year. Please ensure that you read and cite the respective current version.



Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
06. Mai 2025

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