Paraneoplastische Syndrome werden durch Zytokine, Hormone oder Kreuzreaktivität des
Immunsystems vermittelt, können verschiedene Krankheitsbilder hervorrufen und multiple
Organsysteme betreffen. Erkennt man sie rechtzeitig, kann das eine frühzeitige
Diagnosestellung und Behandlung ermöglichen. Im Folgenden werden die Bildgebungsmerkmale
von
häufiger anzutreffenden PNS, ihre assoziierten Malignome und onkoneuralen Antikörper
vorgestellt.
Abstract
In everyday radiological practice, the evaluation of malignant masses and their
complications, such as displacement and infiltration of adjacent structures or
metastasis, is part of the routine. However, there are also patients who present
with
symptoms that cannot be explained by direct tumor infiltration but rather secondary
effects of their underlying malignancy in the context of a paraneoplastic syndrome
(PNS). These symptoms are mediated by cytokines, hormones, or immune system
cross-reactivity, and they can trigger various characteristic clinical pictures,
affecting multiple organ systems. PNS occur in up to 15% of cancer patients. Knowledge
of the clinical and radiological manifestations of different PNS is essential,
as these
syndromes can allow for early tumor diagnosis, complicate the clinical presentation
of a
patient, indicate a response to therapy, and may also be mistaken for metastatic
spread.
Schlüsselwörter
limbische Enzephalitis - Myasthenia gravis - Cushing-Syndrom - Syndrom der inadäquaten
ADH-Sekretion - Hyperkalzämie - Polymyositis - hypertrophe Osteoarthropathie - Ganzkörper-Hybridbildgebung
Keywords
limbic encephalitis - myasthenia gravis - Cushing's syndrome - syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone secretion - hypercalcemia - polymyositis - hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
- whole-body hybrid imaging
