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DOI: 10.1055/a-2351-8514
Der zirkadiane Rhythmus: Schlafstörungen in der Schmerz- und Palliativmedizin
The Circadian Rhythm: What Role do Sleep Disorders Play in Pain Management and Palliative Care?Authors
Der zirkadiane Rhythmus steuert zentrale biologische Prozesse wie Schlaf, Hormonregulation und Immunabwehr. Schlafstörungen beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität und erhöhen die Morbidität. Gerade in der Schmerz- und Palliativmedizin sind Schlafstörungen ein zentrales, oft unterschätztes Symptom – es erfordert eine gezielte Diagnostik und eine individualisierte Therapie. Dieser Beitrag fasst die aktuellen Erkenntnisse auf diesem Gebiet zusammen.
Abstract
The circadian rhythm regulates key biological processes such as sleep, hormone balance, and immune defence. Sleep disorders are particularly prevalent among patients with chronic or advanced diseases and are associated with significant physical and psychological consequences. They impair quality of life, increase morbidity, and negatively affect the immune system. Diagnosis involves a thorough medical and sleep-specific history, supplemented by sleep diaries and screening questionnaires. Polysomnography remains the gold standard, while wearables can provide useful indications but cannot fully replace comprehensive diagnostics. Treatment should primarily focus on non-pharmacological interventions and addressing underlying conditions, with medications used only as adjuncts. Chronic pain and sleep deprivation interact, worsening patient outcomes. In critically ill patients, especially in intensive care settings, sleep disorders are common and increase the risk of delirium and mortality. Light therapy and consideration of circadian rhythms in pain management may improve treatment outcomes. Overall, sleep disorders represent a central and often underestimated symptom in pain management and palliative care, necessitating targeted diagnostics and individualized therapy. This article summarizes the current findings in this field.
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Zwischen Schlaf und dem Immunsystem besteht eine wechselseitige Beziehung. Wie Studien zeigen, können zahlreiche Immunparameter durch Manipulation des Schlafes beeinflusst werden.
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Schlafstörungen sind ein häufiges (Begleit-)Symptom bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungen.
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Schlafstörungen haben nicht nur physische, sondern auch psychische Folgen und beeinflussen die Lebensqualität der betroffenen Menschen sowie die ihres Umfelds.
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Schlafprobleme sind mit einer erheblichen Morbidität bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungen verbunden, was bedeutet, dass Schlafprobleme bei diesen Patienten ein wesentliches Symptom ihrer Erkrankung sind.
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Die Diagnostik von Schlafstörungen umfasst eine medizinische und schlafspezifische Anamnese inklusive Schlaftagebuch und Screening-Fragebogen.
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Die Behandlung von Insomnie bei Patienten mit Komorbiditäten umfasst die Behandlung der auslösenden Faktoren und Grunderkrankungen sowie Maßnahmen der Schlafhygiene und nichtpharmakologische Interventionen.
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Die Pharmakotherapie ist eine wichtige Säule der Behandlung von Schlafstörungen, sollte jedoch nicht an erster Stelle stehen, sondern nur ergänzend zum anderen Vorgehen eingesetzt werden.
Schlüsselwörter
zirkadianer Rhythmus - chronische Erkrankungen - Palliative Care - Schmerz - SchlafstörungenPublication History
Article published online:
28 October 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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