Der Stoffwechsel und die Motivation: Ein Teufelskreis?

Zusammenfassung

Die zunehmende Adipositas-Pandemie stellt eines der größten Gesundheitsprobleme des 21. Jahrhunderts dar, mit zahlreichen Komorbiditäten und dramatisch erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität. Während übermäßige Nahrungsaufnahme und verminderte körperliche Aktivität als Hauptursachen bekannt sind, bleiben die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen dieses maladaptiven langfristig gesundheitsschädlichen Verhaltens unzureichend verstanden. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die Rolle des mesolimbischen dopaminergen Systems in Entscheidungsprozessen für belohnungsbezogenes Verhalten, insbesondere in Bezug auf Ernährung, sowie die pathophysiologische Dysregulation dieser Verhaltensprozesse bei Adipositas. Da das Zusammenspiel von Stoffwechselsignalen und Umweltreizen im Gehirn wesentlich unser adaptives Verhalten steuert, könnte ein besseres Verständnis dieser Prozesse zu wirksameren präventiven und therapeutischen Strategien für Adipositas und ihre Folgen führen.

Abstract

The growing obesity pandemic is one of the biggest health problems of the 21st century, with numerous comorbidities and dramatically increased morbidity and mortality. While excessive food intake and reduced physical activity are known to be the main causes, the underlying mechanisms of this maladaptive long-term harmful behaviour remain poorly understood. This narrative review examines the role of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in decision-making processes for reward-related behaviour, especially with regard to nutrition, as well as the pathophysiological dysregulation of these behavioural processes in obesity. As the integration of metabolic signals and environmental stimuli on a neural level significantly controls our adaptive behaviour, a better understanding of these processes could lead to more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for obesity and its consequences.

Schlüsselwörter

Adipositas - Motivation - Assoziationslernen - Dopamin - Insulinresistenz

Keywords

obesity - motivation - association learning - dopamine - insulin resistance

Publication History

Article published online:
20 September 2024

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