Infektionen und Multiple Sklerose

Zusammenfassung

In der Studienliteratur nehmen die Ursachen, Bedingungen und Folgen von Infektionen bei Patienten mit einer Multiplen Sklerose (MS) nicht den Platz ein, der ihnen von der Alltagsrelevanz her zustünde. Gerade Harnwegsinfekte und vor allem Pneumonien tragen erheblich zu Krankenhauseinweisungen, Morbidität und Mortalität bei. In dieser Übersicht werden die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zu den Infektionskrankheiten einschließlich SARS-CoV-2 bei der MS zusammengefasst. Dabei geht es um drei Fragestellungen: Beeinflussen Infektionen das MS-Risiko? Wirken sich Infektionen auf die Krankheitsaktivität bei der MS aus? Welche Effekte haben die verschiedenen immunmodulatorischen MS-Therapien auf das Risiko und den Verlauf von Infektionskrankheiten? Um die Beratung und Versorgung der MS-Patienten zu verbessern, werden die Studienlage und aktuelle Empfehlungen überprüft und erörtert, was im Behandlungsalltag zu beachten ist.

Abstract

In the literature, causes, conditions, and consequences of infections in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have not received the attention they deserve in terms of the daily routine. In particular, urinary tract infections and especially pneumonia contribute significantly to hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality. This review summarizes the current evidence on infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Three questions will be addressed: Do infections affect the risk for MS? Do infections affect the disease activity in MS? What are the effects of various immunomodulatory MS therapies on the infectious disease risk and disease progression? To improve primary care of MS patients, the study situation and current recommendations will be reviewed. Factors that need to be taken into consideration in daily treatment will be discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Infektionen - Multiple Sklerose - Systemischer Überblick - immunmodulatorische MS Therapie

Keywords

infections - multiple sclerosis - systemic overview - immunomodulatory MS therapies - infectiology

Publication History

Received: 19 August 2023

Accepted after revision: 06 March 2024

Article published online:
08 May 2024

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