CC BY 4.0 · Arch Plast Surg 2024; 51(01): 072-079
DOI: 10.1055/a-2168-4606
Pediatric/Craniomilofacial/Head & Neck
Original Article

Age Group-Specific Improvement of Vertebral Scoliosis after the Surgical Release of Congenital Muscular Torticollis

1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
,
1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
,
1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
,
1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
,
1   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Background Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common musculoskeletal disorder in children. Secondary scoliosis can occur in patients with CMT; however, the extent of inclination and improvement of scoliosis after surgical correction of CMT have not been adequately studied. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and measure the improvement in vertebral tilting after surgical correction according to age at the time of surgery.

Methods Between June 2007 and January 2020, 831 patients with CMT underwent sternocleidomastoid release. Among them, 426 patients were enrolled, and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Ultimately, 210 patients available for radiological evaluation and analysis were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into four groups according to age at the time of surgery to determine the relationship between age and changes in scoliosis.

Results Our findings showed an improvement in scoliosis in all age groups after surgery. The results for follow-up after 1 year confirmed long-term improvement in vertebral tilting. The degree of improvement in scoliosis was significantly higher in the younger age group than in patients aged 18 years or older.

Conclusion The effect of surgical release on scoliosis was significant in all age groups. The findings of this study suggest that CMT should be corrected before the age of 3 years to ensure an optimal surgical mitigation of scoliosis. Furthermore, in cases of neglected CMT, surgical release should be actively attempted because there is significant improvement.

Authors' Contributions

Conceptualization: J.M.C. and S.H.S. Data curation: M.C.P. Formal analysis: J.M.C., S.H.S., and M.C.P. Methodology: J.M.C., C.M.C., and J.H.K. Project administration: S.H.S. Visualization: C.M.C. and J.H.K. Writing—original draft: S.H.S. and J.M.C. Writing—review and editing: J.M.C., S.H.S., and M.C.P. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


Ethical Approval

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital (IRB No. 2021-12-003-003) and performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.


Patient Consent

Informed consent was taken from patients for the evaluation of imaging studies.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 14. November 2022

Angenommen: 01. September 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
06. September 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
07. Februar 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 
  • References

  • 1 Hsu TC, Wang CL, Wong MK, Hsu KH, Tang FT, Chen HT. Correlation of clinical and ultrasonographic features in congenital muscular torticollis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80 (06) 637-641
  • 2 Cheng JC, Wong MW, Tang SP, Chen TM, Shum SL, Wong EM. Clinical determinants of the outcome of manual stretching in the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants. A prospective study of eight hundred and twenty-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001; 83 (05) 679-687
  • 3 Do TT. Congenital muscular torticollis: current concepts and review of treatment. Curr Opin Pediatr 2006; 18 (01) 26-29
  • 4 Lim KS, Shim JS, Lee YS. Is sternocleidomastoid muscle release effective in adults with neglected congenital muscular torticollis?. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014; 472 (04) 1271-1278
  • 5 Omidi-Kashani F, Hasankhani EG, Sharifi R, Mazlumi M. Is surgery recommended in adults with neglected congenital muscular torticollis? A prospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008; 9: 158
  • 6 Hussein MA, Yun IS, Park H, Kim YO. Cervical spine deformity in long-standing, untreated congenital muscular torticollis. J Craniofac Surg 2017; 28 (01) 46-50
  • 7 Cobb JR. Outline for the study of scoliosis. Am Acad Orthop Surg Instr Course Lect 1948; 5: 261-275
  • 8 Bredenkamp JK, Hoover LA, Berke GS, Shaw A. Congenital muscular torticollis. A spectrum of disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990; 116 (02) 212-216
  • 9 Lee IJ, Lim SY, Song HS, Park MC. Complete tight fibrous band release and resection in congenital muscular torticollis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010; 63 (06) 947-953
  • 10 Cheng JC, Au AW. Infantile torticollis: a review of 624 cases. J Pediatr Orthop 1994; 14 (06) 802-808
  • 11 Shim JS, Noh KC, Park SJ. Treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in patients older than 8 years. J Pediatr Orthop 2004; 24 (06) 683-688
  • 12 Sudesh P, Bali K, Mootha AK, Dhillon MS. Results of bipolar release in the treatment of congenital muscular torticolis in patients older than 10 years of age. J Child Orthop 2010; 4 (03) 227-232
  • 13 Yoon JR, Kim YK, Ko YD, Yun SI, Song DH, Chung ME. Spinal accessory nerve injury induced by manipulation therapy: a case report. Ann Rehabil Med 2018; 42 (05) 773-776
  • 14 Seo SJ, Yim SY, Lee IJ. et al. Is craniofacial asymmetry progressive in untreated congenital muscular torticollis?. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 132 (02) 407-413
  • 15 Seo SJ, Kim JH, Joh YH. et al. Change of facial asymmetry in patients with congenital muscular torticollis after surgical release. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27 (01) 64-69
  • 16 Lee JK, Moon HJ, Park MS, Yoo WJ, Choi IH, Cho TJ. Change of craniofacial deformity after sternocleidomastoid muscle release in pediatric patients with congenital muscular torticollis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94 (13) e93
  • 17 Cheng JC, Tang SP. Outcome of surgical treatment of congenital muscular torticollis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999; (362) 190-200
  • 18 Kim JH, Yum TH, Shim JS. Secondary cervicothoracic scoliosis in congenital muscular torticollis. Clin Orthop Surg 2019; 11 (03) 344-351
  • 19 Min KJ, Ahn AR, Park EJ, Yim SY. Effectiveness of surgical release in patients with neglected congenital muscular torticollis according to age at the time of surgery. Ann Rehabil Med 2016; 40 (01) 34-42