Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to examine the impact of carbohydrate
ratios in the diet consumed one day prior to the 75-g oral glucose screening
test on both the screening test values and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes
mellitus in the unselective pregnant population.
Material-Method 83 pregnant women who were under observation in the
antenatal clinic of our hospital and underwent glucose tolerance tests were
included in the study. The patients were given training by a dietitian to keep
nutrition records of the day prior to glucose loading during their previous
visits before any glucose loading. A carbohydrate intake of
40–60% was considered as the normal range in terms of the
percentage of carbohydrates in the diet. A carbohydrate percentage above
60% was considered to be a high carbohydrate intake. The carbohydrate
percentages in their diet over the past 24 hours was compared with the
effect on the glucose tolerance test.
Results Out of the 83 pregnant women included in the study, 40 of them had
a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) prior to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT),
and the average carbohydrate percentage of this diet was found to be
62%. The remaining 43 patients had an average carbohydrate percentage of
49% and belonged to the group that had a normal carbohydrate diet (NCD).
Out of the 83 pregnant women, 33 of them were at high risk for gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM). In the high-risk patient group, 16 patients had an NCD
intake, while 17 patients had a HCD intake. It was determined that a high
carbohydrate diet had no significant effect on fasting, first-hour, and
second-hour glucose levels, as well as the diagnosis of gestational diabetes
mellitus (GDM), in both the unselective population and the high-risk patient
population.
Conclusion In our study, we concluded that the high carbohydrate ratios in
the diets of pregnant women one day prior did not affect the OGTT results or the
GDM ratios. This indicates that there is no need for a preparatory diet prior to
the OGTT in women with normal dietary habits.
Key words
pregnancy - gestational diabetes - high carbohydrate diet - glucose tolerance test
