Nachweis thrombozytärer Antikörper – aktueller Stand

Thrombozyten spielen eine besondere Rolle bei der Blutstillung. Viele Ursachen können die Leistungsfähigkeit des thrombozytären Systems beeinträchtigen, vor allem Zustände mit einer verminderten Zahl von Thrombozyten. Antikörper gegen Thrombozyten sind für einen Teil der Fälle von Thrombozytopenie verantwortlich, sie können darüber hinaus die Wirksamkeit von Thrombozytentransfusionen beeinträchtigen. Daher spielen Methoden zum Nachweis thrombozytärer Antikörper bei der Diagnose und der Behandlung von thrombozytopenischen Zuständen eine Rolle. Relativ hohe Kosten und Aufwand erfordern eine fachlich gut begründete Indikationsstellung bei Kenntnis des klinischen Hintergrunds.

Abstract

Platelets play a central role in hemostasis. Various conditions may interfere with platelet action: among the most important are processes resulting in thrombocytopenia. In a subset of affected patients thrombocytopenia is induced by platelet antibodies. Platelet antibodies are involved in autoimmune thrombocytopenia, materno-fetal incompatibility and transfusion reactions. Platelet reactive antibodies may also reduce the efficacy of platelet transfusions. Therefore, laboratory techniques play a crucial role in diagnosis and therapy of thrombocytopenic states. As high-quality laboratory diagnostics is limited and rather expensive, physicians should have a good knowledge of the clinical and pathophysiological background. Readers of this article will be able to understand the principle of platelet antibody immunoassays and will be qualified to order these analyses and to assess their results.

Schlüsselwörter

Thrombozytopenie - thrombozytäre Antikörper - Immunoassay - Immunthrombozytopenie

Key words

thrombocytopenia - platelet antibodies - immunoassay - immune thrombocytopenia

Publication History

Article published online:
08 May 2024

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