S2k-Leitlinie Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit und eosinophile Ösophagitis der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) – März 2023 – AWMF-Registernummer: 021–013

Abkürzungsverzeichnis

AGs: Arbeitsgruppen

APC: Argon-Plasma-Coagulation

APT: Atopie-Patchtest

AWMF: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V.

BDP: Bundesverband Deutscher Pathologen e. V.

CSACI: Kanadischen Gesellschaft für Allergie und klinische Immunologie

DCCV: Deutsche Morbus Crohn/Colitis ulcerosa Vereinigung

DGAV: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie e. V.

DGKCH: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderchirurgie

DGP: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie e. V.

DGVS: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankrankheiten

DSQ: Dysphagia Symptom Questionaire

DTPA: Diäthylen-Triamin-Pentaessigsäure

EndoFLIP: endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe

EoE: Eosinophile Ösophagitis

EoEHSS: EoE-spezifischer Histologie-Score

ER: endoskopische Resektion

ERD: erosive Refluxösophagitis

EREFS: Endoscopic Reference Score

ESGE: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

EUREOS: European Consortium for Eosinophilic Disease of the GI Tract

6FED: 6 Food Elimination Diet

FIRE: Food-induced immediate response of the esophagus

GERD: gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit

GPGE: Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie und Ernährung e. V.

H₂-RA: H2-Rezeptorantagonisten

HE: Hämatoxylin-Eosin-Färbung

HGD: Hochgradige Dysplasie

HPF: High-Power-Field

HRQOL: Health Related Quality of Life

KHK: koronare Herzkrankheit

LA Grad: Los Angeles Grad

LGD: Niedriggradige Dysplasie

LJ: Lebensjahr

LPR: laryngo-pharyngealer Reflux

NERD: nicht erosive Refluxkrankheit

n. s.: nicht signifikant

NSAR: Nicht steroidale Antirheumatika

ÖGD: Ösophago-Gastro-Duodenoskopie

OIT: orale Immuntherapie

PEES: Pediatric EoE Symptom Score

PPI: Protonenpumpeninhibitoren

RCT: randomisierte kontrollierte Studie

SAP: Symptomassoziation

SI: Symptomindex

SSRI: Selektive Serotonin-Reuptake-Hemmer

TR: time ratio

ZNS: Zentrales Nervensystem

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 20. März 2023

Angenommen: 21. März 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
10. Juli 2023

• Literatur

• 1 Lammert F, Jansen PL, Lerch MM. Weissbuch Gastroenterologie 2020/2021: De Gruyter, 2019.
• 2 Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P. et al. The Montreal Definition and Classification of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Global Evidence-Based Consensus. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2006; 101: 1900-1920
• 3 Richter JE, Rubenstein JH. Presentation and Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154: 267-276
• 4 El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC. et al. Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut 2014; 63: 871-880
• 5 Eusebi LH, Ratnakumaran R, Yuan Y. et al. Global prevalence of, and risk factors for, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms: a meta-analysis. Gut 2018; 67: 430-440
• 6 Liu L, Li S, Zhu K. et al. Relationship between esophageal motility and severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease according to the Los Angeles classification. Medicine 2019; 98: e15543-e15543
• 7 Scida S, Russo M, Miraglia C. et al. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and GERD. Acta Biomed 2018; 89: 40-43
• 8 Becher A, El-Serag H. Systematic review: the association between symptomatic response to proton pump inhibitors and health-related quality of life in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2011; 34: 618-627
• 9 Ness-Jensen E, Gottlieb-Vedi E, Wahlin K. et al. All-cause and cancer-specific mortality in GORD in a population-based cohort study (the HUNT study). Gut 2018; 67: 209-215
• 10 Dent J, Vakil N, Jones R. et al. Accuracy of the diagnosis of GORD by questionnaire, physicians and a trial of proton pump inhibitor treatment: the Diamond Study. Gut 2010; 59: 714-721
• 11 Gyawali CP, Kahrilas PJ, Savarino E. et al. Modern diagnosis of GERD: the Lyon Consensus. Gut 2018; 67: 1351-1362
• 12 Rusu RI, Fox MR, Tucker E. et al. Validation of the Lyon classification for GORD diagnosis: acid exposure time assessed by prolonged wireless pH monitoring in healthy controls and patients with erosive oesophagitis. Gut 2021; 70: 2230-2237
• 13 Bytzer P, Jones R, Vakil N. et al. Limited Ability of the Proton-Pump Inhibitor Test to Identify Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012; 10: 1360-1366
• 14 Sifrim D, Zerbib F. Diagnosis and management of patients with reflux symptoms refractory to proton pump inhibitors. Gut 2012; 61: 1340-1354
• 15 Sifrim D, Silny J, Holloway RH. et al. Patterns of gas and liquid reflux during transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation: a study using intraluminal electrical impedance. Gut 1999; 44: 47-54
• 16 Boeckxstaens GE, Smout A. Systematic review: role of acid, weakly acidic and weakly alkaline reflux in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2010; 32: 334-343
• 17 Giannini EG, Zentilin P, Dulbecco P. et al. Management Strategy for Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Comparison Between Empirical Treatment With Esomeprazole and Endoscopy-Oriented Treatment. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2008; 103: 267-275
• 18 Gerson LB. Diagnostic Yield of Upper Endoscopy in Treated GERD Patients. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 1408-1409
• 19 Poh CH, Gasiorowska A, Navarro-Rodriguez T. et al. Upper GI tract findings in patients with heartburn in whom proton pump inhibitor treatment failed versus those not receiving antireflux treatment. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2010; 71: 28-34
• 20 Lin EC, Holub J, Lieberman D. et al. Low Prevalence of Suspected Barrettʼs Esophagus in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Without Alarm Symptoms. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2019; 17: 857-863
• 21 García-Altés A, Rota R, Barenys M. et al. Cost-effectiveness of a “score and scope” strategy for the management of dyspepsia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 17: 709-719
• 22 Krishnamoorthi R, Singh S, Ragunathan K. et al. Factors Associated With Progression of Barrettʼs Esophagus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018; 16: 1046-1055.e8
• 23 Codipilly DC, Chandar AK, Singh S. et al. The Effect of Endoscopic Surveillance in Patients With Barrettʼs Esophagus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2018; 154: 2068-2086.e5
• 24 Sawas T, Killcoyne S, Iyer PG. et al. Identification of Prognostic Phenotypes of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in 2 Independent Cohorts. Gastroenterology 2018; 155: 1720-1728.e4
• 25 Bennett C, Moayyedi P, Corley DA. et al. BOB CAT: A Large-Scale Review and Delphi Consensus for Management of Barrettʼs Esophagus With No Dysplasia, Indefinite for, or Low-Grade Dysplasia. The American journal of gastroenterology 2015; 110: 662-683
• 26 Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR. et al. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut 1999; 45: 172-180
• 27 Ismail-Beigi F, Horton PF, Pope CE. Histological Consequences of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Man. Gastroenterology 1970; 58: 163-174
• 28 Fiocca R, Mastracci L, Milione M. et al. Microscopic esophagitis and Barrettʼs esophagus: The histology report. Digestive and Liver Disease 2011; 43: S319-S330
• 29 Seefeld U, Krejs GJ, Siebenmann RE. et al. Esophageal histology in gastroesophageal reflux. The American Journal of Digestive Diseases 1977; 22: 956-964
• 30 Collins JSA, Watt PCH, Hamilton PW. et al. Assessment of oesophagitis by histology and morphometry. Histopathology 1989; 14: 381-389
• 31 Savarino E, Zentilin P, Mastracci L. et al. Microscopic esophagitis distinguishes patients with non-erosive reflux disease from those with functional heartburn. J Gastroenterol 2013; 48: 473-482
• 32 Kandulski A, Jechorek D, Caro C. et al. Histomorphological differentiation of non-erosive reflux disease and functional heartburn in patients with PPI-refractory heartburn. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2013; 38: 643-651
• 33 Prasad GA, Alexander JA, Schleck CD. et al. Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis over three decades in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7: 1055-1061
• 34 Mackalski BA, Ilnyckyj A. Esophageal pH testing in patients refractory to proton pump inhibitor therapy. Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie 2008; 22: 249-252
• 35 Bautista JM, Wong W-m, Pulliam G. et al. The Value of Ambulatory 24 hr Esophageal pH Monitoring in Clinical Practice in Patients Who Were Referred with Persistent Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)-Related Symptoms While on Standard Dose Anti-Reflux Medications. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2005; 50: 1909-1915
• 36 Becker V, Bajbouj M, Waller K. et al. Clinical trial: persistent gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms despite standard therapy with proton pump inhibitors – a follow-up study of intraluminal-impedance guided therapy. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2007; 26: 1355-1360
• 37 Pritchett JM, Aslam M, Slaughter JC. et al. Efficacy of Esophageal Impedance/pH Monitoring in Patients With Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, on and off Therapy. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009; 7: 743-748
• 38 Bajbouj M, Becker V, Phillip V. et al. High-Dose Esomeprazole for Treatment of Symptomatic Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease – A Prospective pH-Metry/Impedance-Controlled Study. Digestion 2009; 80: 112-118
• 39 Roman S, Gyawali CP, Savarino E. et al. Ambulatory reflux monitoring for diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: Update of the Porto consensus and recommendations from an international consensus group. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2017; 29: e13067
• 40 Kline M, Ewing M, Simpson N. et al. The Utility of Intraluminal Impedance in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease–Like Symptoms But Normal Endoscopy and 24-Hour pH Testing. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2008; 6: 880-885
• 41 Savarino E, Zentilin P, Tutuian R. et al. Impedance-pH reflux patterns can differentiate non-erosive reflux disease from functional heartburn patients. Journal of Gastroenterology 2011; 47: 159-168
• 42 Savarino E, Tutuian R, Zentilin P. et al. Characteristics of Reflux Episodes and Symptom Association in Patients With Erosive Esophagitis and Nonerosive Reflux Disease: Study Using Combined Impedance–pH Off Therapy. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010; 105: 1053-1061
• 43 Viazis N, Keyoglou A, Kanellopoulos AK. et al. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hypersensitive Esophagus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2012; 107: 1662-1667
• 44 Ostovaneh MR, Saeidi B, Hajifathalian K. et al. Comparing omeprazole with fluoxetine for treatment of patients with heartburn and normal endoscopy who failed once daily proton pump inhibitors: Double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2014; 26: 670-678
• 45 Keller J, Fox MR, Allescher HD. et al. [Interpretation und performance of high-resolution esophageal manometry: Recommendations of the German Association of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (DGNM) and the German Association of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS)]. Z Gastroenterol 2018; 56: 1378-1408
• 46 Pehl C, Keller J, Allescher HD. et al. [Diagnosis of oesophageal reflux by PH, impedance, and bilirubin measurement: recommendations of the German Society of Neurogastroenterology and of the working group for neurogastroenterology of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases]. Z Gastroenterol 2012; 50: 1310-1332
• 47 Yadlapati R. High-resolution esophageal manometry: interpretation in clinical practice. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2017; 33: 301-309
• 48 Richter JE. Review article: extraoesophageal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2005; 22: 70-80
• 49 Yadlapati R, Pandolfino JE, Lidder AK. et al. Oropharyngeal pH Testing Does Not Predict Response to Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Laryngeal Symptoms. The American journal of gastroenterology 2016; 111: 1517-1524
• 50 Levine MS, Rubesin SE. Diseases of the Esophagus: Diagnosis with Esophagography. Radiology 2005; 237: 414-427
• 51 Baker ME, Rice TW. Radiologic Evaluation of the Esophagus: Methods and Value in Motility Disorders and GERD. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2001; 13: 201-225
• 52 Ott DJ. Gastroesophageal reflux: what is the role of barium studies?. American Journal of Roentgenology 1994; 162: 627-629
• 53 Sellar RJ, de Caestecker JS, Heading RC. Barium radiology: A sensitive test for gastro-oesophageal reflux. Clinical Radiology 1987; 38: 303-307
• 54 Johnston BT, Troshinsky MB, Castell JA. et al. Comparison of barium radiology with esophageal pH monitoring in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 1181-1185
• 55 Thompson JK, Koehler RE, Richter JE. Detection of gastroesophageal reflux: value of barium studies compared with 24-hr pH monitoring. American Journal of Roentgenology 1994; 162: 621-626
• 56 Mariani G, Boni G, Barreca M. et al. Radionuclide gastroesophageal motor studies. J Nucl Med 2004; 45: 1004-1028
• 57 Shay SS, Eggli D, Johnson LF. Simultaneous esophageal pH monitoring and scintigraphy during the postprandial period in patients with severe reflux esophagitis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 1991; 36: 558-564
• 58 Orenstein SR, Klein HA, Rosenthal MS. Scintigraphy versus pH probe for quantification of pediatric gastroesophageal reflux: a study using concurrent multiplexed data and acid feedings. J Nucl Med 1993; 34: 1228-1234
• 59 Tolia V, Kuhns L, Kauffman RE. Comparison of simultaneous esophageal pH monitoring and scintigraphy in infants with gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88: 661-664
• 60 Shay SS, Abreu SH, Tsuchida A. Scintigraphy in gastroesophageal reflux disease: a comparison to endoscopy, LESp, and 24-h pH score, as well as to simultaneous pH monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87: 1094-1101
• 61 Vandenplas Y, Derde MP, Piepsz A. Evaluation of Reflux Episodes During Simultaneous Esophageal pH Monitoring and Gastroesophageal Reflux Scintigraphy in Children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 1992; 14: 256-260
• 62 Seibert JJ, Byrne WJ, Euler AR. et al. Gastroesophageal reflux – the acid test: scintigraphy or the pH probe?. American Journal of Roentgenology 1983; 140: 1087-1090
• 63 Isaacs PE, Martins JC, Edwards S. et al. Assessment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: comparison of reflux scintigraphy with endoscopy biopsy and esophageal pH monitoring. Hepatogastroenterology 1990; 37: 198-200
• 64 Özcan Z, Özcan C, Erinç R. et al. Scintigraphy in the detection of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children with caustic oesophageal burns: a comparative study with radiography and 24-h pH monitoring. Pediatric Radiology 2001; 31: 737-741
• 65 Kjellén G, Brudin L, Håkansson HO. Is scintigraphy of value in the diagnosis of gastrooesophageal reflux disease?. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991; 26: 425-430
• 66 Heyman S, Kirkpatrick JA, Winter HS. et al. An Improved Radionuclide Method for the Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Aspiration in Children (Milk Scan). Radiology 1979; 131: 479-482
• 67 Park J-s, Van Der Wall H, Falk GL. Sa157 CORRELATION OF IMPEDANCE-PH MONITORING AND REFLUX SCINTIGRAPHY RESULTS IN LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. Gastroenterology 2021; 160: S422-S443
• 68 Dent J, Brun J, Fendrick AM. et al. An evidence-based appraisal of reflux disease management – the Genval Workshop Report. Gut 1999; 44: S1-S16
• 69 Koop H, Schepp W, Müller-Lissner S. et al. Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit – Ergebnisse einer evidenzbasierten Konsensuskonferenz der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten. Z Gastroenterol 2005; 43: 163-164
• 70 Bytzer P. What Makes Individuals With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Dissatisfied With Their Treatment?. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009; 7: 816-822
• 71 Junghard O, Carlsson R, Lind T. Sufficient control of heartburn in endoscopy‐negative gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease trials. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2003; 38: 1197-1199
• 72 King A, MacDonald C, Örn C. Understanding gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a patient-cluster analysis. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2008; 62: 1838-1843
• 73 Castell DO, Kahrilas PJ, Richter JE. et al. Esomeprazole (40 mg) compared with lansoprazole (30 mg) in the treatment of erosive esophagitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002; 97: 575-583
• 74 Labenz J, Armstrong D, Lauritsen K. et al. A randomized comparative study of esomeprazole 40 mg versus pantoprazole 40 mg for healing erosive oesophagitis: the EXPO study. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2005; 21: 739-746
• 75 Richter JE, Kahrilas PJ, Johanson J. et al. Efficacy and safety of esomeprazole compared with omeprazole in GERD patients with erosive esophagitis: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001; 96: 656-665
• 76 Erichsen R, Robertson D, Farkas DK. et al. Erosive Reflux Disease Increases Risk for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, Compared With Nonerosive Reflux. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012; 10: 475-480.e1
• 77 Sjostedt S, Befrits R, Sylvan A. et al. Daily treatment with esomeprazole is superior to that taken on-demand for maintenance of healed erosive oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2005; 22: 183-191
• 78 El-Serag H, Hill C, Jones R. Systematic review: the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care, using the UK General Practice Research Database. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2009; 29: 470-480
• 79 Fullard M, Kang JY, Neild P. et al. Systematic review: does gastro-oesophageal reflux disease progress?. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2006; 24: 33-45
• 80 Malfertheiner P, Nocon M, Vieth M. et al. Evolution of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease over 5 years under routine medical care--the ProGERD study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 154-164
• 81 Ronkainen J, Talley NJ, Storskrubb T. et al. Erosive Esophagitis Is a Risk Factor for Barrettʼs Esophagus: A Community-Based Endoscopic Follow-Up Study. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011; 106: 1946-1952
• 82 Sontag SJ, Sonnenberg A, Schnell TG. et al. The Long-Term Natural History of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2006; 40: 398-404
• 83 Hvid-Jensen F, Pedersen L, Drewes AM. et al. Incidence of Adenocarcinoma among Patients with Barrettʼs Esophagus. New England Journal of Medicine 2011; 365: 1375-1383
• 84 Labenz J, Chandrasoma PT, Knapp LJ. et al. Proposed approach to the challenging management of progressive gastroesophageal reflux disease. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2018; 10: 175-183
• 85 Willich SN, Nocon M, Kulig M. et al. Cost-of-disease analysis in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and Barrettʼs mucosa. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2006; 23: 371-376
• 86 Spechler SJ. Proton Pump Inhibitors. Medical Clinics of North America 2019; 103: 1-14
• 87 Lin D, Eke C, Cai C. et al. Decreasing Overall and Inappropriate Proton Pump Inhibitor Use: Perspective From a Large Safety-Net Healthcare System. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2020; 18: 763-766.e2
• 88 Labenz J, Armstrong D, Leodolter A. et al. Management of reflux esophagitis: does the choice of proton pump inhibitor matter?. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2015; 69: 796-801
• 89 Vaezi MF, Sifrim D. Assessing Old and New Diagnostic Tests for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154: 289-301
• 90 Spechler SJ, Hunter JG, Jones KM. et al. Randomized Trial of Medical versus Surgical Treatment for Refractory Heartburn. N Engl J Med 2019; 381: 1513-1523
• 91 Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB. Meta-Analysis: Obesity and the Risk for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Its Complications. Annals of Internal Medicine 2005; 143: 199
• 92 Pandolfino JE, El-Serag HB, Zhang Q. et al. Obesity: A Challenge to Esophagogastric Junction Integrity. Gastroenterology 2006; 130: 639-649
• 93 Pandolfino JE, Kwiatek MA, Kahrilas PJ. The pathophysiologic basis for epidemiologic trends in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2008; 37: 827-843
• 94 Wu JCY, Mui LM, Cheung CMY. et al. Obesity Is Associated With Increased Transient Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 883-889
• 95 Kaltenbach T, Crockett S, Gerson LB. Are Lifestyle Measures Effective in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease?. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006; 166: 965
• 96 Ness-Jensen E, Hveem K, El-Serag H. et al. Lifestyle Intervention in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2016; 14: 175-182.e3
• 97 Ness-Jensen E, Lindam A, Lagergren J. et al. Weight Loss and Reduction in Gastroesophageal Reflux. A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study: The HUNT Study. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2013; 108: 376-382
• 98 Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2013; 108: 308-328
• 99 Allampati S, Lopez R, Thota PN. et al. Use of a positional therapy device significantly improves nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Diseases of the Esophagus 2017; 30: 1-7
• 100 Casale M, Sabatino L, Moffa A. et al. Breathing training on lower esophageal sphincter as a complementary treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): a systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20: 4547-4552
• 101 Mitchell DR, Derakhshan MH, Wirz AA. et al. Abdominal Compression by Waist Belt Aggravates Gastroesophageal Reflux, Primarily by Impairing Esophageal Clearance. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 1881-1888
• 102 Johnson T, Gerson L, Hershcovici T. et al. Systematic review: the effects of carbonated beverages on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2010; 31: 607-614
• 103 Mehta RS, Song M, Staller K. et al. Association Between Beverage Intake and Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2020; 18: 2226-2233.e4
• 104 Newberry C, Lynch K. The role of diet in the development and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: why we feel the burn. Journal of Thoracic Disease 2019; 11: S1594-S1601
• 105 Triadafilopoulos G, Korzilius JW, Zikos T. et al. Ninety-Six Hour Wireless Esophageal pH Study in Patients with GERD Shows that Restrictive Diet Reduces Esophageal Acid Exposure. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2019; 65: 2331-2344
• 106 Schey R, Dickman R, Parthasarathy S. et al. Sleep Deprivation Is Hyperalgesic in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 1787-1795
• 107 Herregods TVK, van Hoeij FB, Oors JM. et al. Effect of Running on Gastroesophageal Reflux and Reflux Mechanisms. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2016; 111: 940-946
• 108 Morgner-Miehlke A, Koop H, Blum A. et al. Abklärung und Therapie von Refluxbeschwerden. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 2006; 44: 399-410
• 109 Kulig M, Nocon M, Vieth M. et al. Risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease: methodology and first epidemiological results of the ProGERD study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2004; 57: 580-589
• 110 Dent J, Becher A, Sung J. et al. Systematic Review: Patterns of Reflux-Induced Symptoms and Esophageal Endoscopic Findings in Large-Scale Surveys. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012; 10: 863-873.e3
• 111 Norman HansenA, Bergheim R, Fagertun H. et al. A randomised prospective study comparing the effectiveness of esomeprazole treatment strategies in clinical practice for 6 months in the management of patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2005; 59: 665-671
• 112 Howden CW, Henning JM, Huang B. et al. Management of heartburn in a large, randomized, community-based study: comparison of four therapeutic strategies. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001; 96: 1704-1710
• 113 van Pinxteren B, Sigterman KE, Bonis P. et al. Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2010;
• 114 Pouchain D, Bigard M-A, Liard F. et al. Gaviscon® vs. omeprazole in symptomatic treatment of moderate gastroesophageal reflux. a direct comparative randomised trial. BMC Gastroenterology 2012; 12: 18
• 115 Gyawali CP, Fass R. Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154: 302-318
• 116 Leiman DA, Riff BP, Morgan S. et al. Alginate therapy is effective treatment for GERD symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diseases of the Esophagus 2017; 30: 1-9
• 117 Spechler SJ. Evaluation and Treatment of Patients with Persistent Reflux Symptoms Despite Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatment. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 2020; 49: 437-450
• 118 Labenz J, Koop H. Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit – was tun, wenn PPI nicht ausreichend wirksam, verträglich oder erwünscht sind?. DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2017; 142: 356-366
• 119 Kirchheiner J, Glatt S, Fuhr U. et al. Relative potency of proton-pump inhibitors—comparison of effects on intragastric pH. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2008; 65: 19-31
• 120 Armstrong D, Talley NJ, Lauritsen K. et al. The role of acid suppression in patients with endoscopy-negative reflux disease: the effect of treatment with esomeprazole or omeprazole. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2004; 20: 413-421
• 121 Labenz J, Morgner-Miehlke A. An update on the available treatments for non-erosive reflux disease. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2005; 7: 47-56
• 122 Dean BB, Gano AD, Knight K. et al. Effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in nonerosive reflux disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2004; 2: 656-664
• 123 Weijenborg PW, Cremonini F, Smout AJ. et al. PPI therapy is equally effective in well-defined non-erosive reflux disease and in reflux esophagitis: a meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24: 747-757.e350
• 124 Watson RG, Tham TC, Johnston BT. et al. Double blind cross-over placebo controlled study of omeprazole in the treatment of patients with reflux symptoms and physiological levels of acid reflux--the “sensitive oesophagus”. Gut 1997; 40: 587-590
• 125 Farré R, Fornari F, Blondeau K. et al. Acid and weakly acidic solutions impair mucosal integrity of distal exposed and proximal non-exposed human oesophagus. Gut 2009; 59: 164-169
• 126 Matthews PJ, Knowles CH, Chua YC. et al. Effects of the concentration and frequency of acid infusion on the development and maintenance of esophageal hyperalgesia in a human volunteer model. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2008; 294: G914-G917
• 127 Cremonini F, Ziogas DC, Chang HY. et al. Meta-analysis: the effects of placebo treatment on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2010; 32: 29-42
• 128 Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C. et al. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; Cd003244
• 129 Weijenborg PW, de Schepper HS, Smout AJPM. et al. Effects of Antidepressants in Patients With Functional Esophageal Disorders or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2015; 13: 251-259.e1
• 130 Chen W-Y, Chang W-L, Tsai Y-C. et al. Double-Dosed Pantoprazole Accelerates the Sustained Symptomatic Response in Overweight and Obese Patients With Reflux Esophagitis in Los Angeles Grades A and B. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010; 105: 1046-1052
• 131 Chiba N, De Gara CJ, Wilkinson JM. et al. Speed of healing and symptom relief in grade II to IV gastroesophageal reflux disease: A meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 1997; 112: 1798-1810
• 132 Katz PO, Johnson DA, Levine D. et al. A model of healing of Los Angeles grades C and D reflux oesophagitis: is there an optimal time of acid suppression for maximal healing?. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2010; 32: 443-447
• 133 Edwards SJ, Lind T, Lundell L. et al. Systematic review: standard- and double-dose proton pump inhibitors for the healing of severe erosive oesophagitis – a mixed treatment comparison of randomized controlled trials. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2009; 30: 547-556
• 134 Hsu P-I, Lu C-L, Wu D-C. et al. Eight Weeks of Esomeprazole Therapy Reduces Symptom Relapse, Compared With 4 Weeks, in Patients With Los Angeles Grade A or B Erosive Esophagitis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2015; 13: 859-866.e1
• 135 Gralnek IM, Dulai GS, Fennerty MB. et al. Esomeprazole Versus Other Proton Pump Inhibitors in Erosive Esophagitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2006; 4: 1452-1458
• 136 Moayyedi P, Delaney B. GORD in adults. BMJ Clin Evid 2008; 2008: 0403
• 137 Katzka DA, Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ. Phenotypes of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Where Rome, Lyon, and Montreal Meet. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2020; 18: 767-776
• 138 Armstrong D, Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJO, Barkun AN. et al. Heartburn-dominant, uninvestigated dyspepsia: a comparison of “PPI-start” and “H2-RA-start” management strategies in primary care – the CADET-HR Study. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2005; 21: 1189-1202
• 139 Cho JH, Shin CM, Yoon H. et al. Efficacy of a high-dose proton pump inhibitor in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a single center, randomized, open-label trial. BMC Gastroenterology 2020; 20
• 140 Fass R, Sontag SJ, Traxler B. et al. Treatment of Patients With Persistent Heartburn Symptoms: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2006; 4: 50-56
• 141 Miner P, Katz PO, Chen Y. et al. Gastric Acid Control With Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, and Rabeprazole: A Five-Way Crossover Study. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2003; 98: 2616-2620
• 142 Manabe N, Haruma K, Ito M. et al. Efficacy of adding sodium alginate to omeprazole in patients with nonerosive reflux disease: a randomized clinical trial. Diseases of the Esophagus 2011; 25: 373-380
• 143 Reimer C, Lødrup AB, Smith G. et al. Randomised clinical trial: alginate (Gaviscon Advance) vs. placebo as add-on therapy in reflux patients with inadequate response to a once daily proton pump inhibitor. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2016; 43: 899-909
• 144 Müller M, Labenz G, Borkenstein D-P. et al. Alginat bei Bedarf als Add-on bei unzureichendem Effekt von Protonenpumpen-Hemmern bei Patienten mit gastroösophagealer Reflux-Krankheit. DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2018; 144: e30-e35
• 145 Coyle C, Crawford G, Wilkinson J. et al. Randomised clinical trial: addition of alginate-antacid (Gaviscon Double Action) to proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients with breakthrough symptoms. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2017; 45: 1524-1533
• 146 Labenz J, Gross M. Refluxkrankheit jenseits der PPI. MMW – Fortschritte der Medizin 2018; 160: 40-44
• 147 Yadlapati R, Vaezi MF, Vela MF. et al. Management options for patients with GERD and persistent symptoms on proton pump inhibitors: recommendations from an expert panel. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113: 980-986
• 148 Hungin APS, Molloy-Bland M, Scarpignato C. Revisiting Montreal: New Insights into Symptoms and Their Causes, and Implications for the Future of GERD. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2018; 114: 414-421
• 149 Fuchs KH, Musial F, Ulbricht F. et al. Foregut symptoms, somatoform tendencies, and the selection of patients for antireflux surgery. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30: 1-10
• 150 Graham DY, Tansel A. Interchangeable Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Based on Relative Potency. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018; 16: 800-808.e7
• 151 Kessing BF, Bredenoord AJ, Smout AJ. Erroneous diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease in achalasia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 1020-1024
• 152 Bösner S, Haasenritter J, Becker A. et al. Heartburn or angina? Differentiating gastrointestinal disease in primary care patients presenting with chest pain: a cross sectional diagnostic study. . International Archives of Medicine 2009; 2: 40
• 153 Labenz J, Labenz C. Gastroenterologische Erkrankungen als Auslöser von Thoraxschmerz. Der Internist 2016; 58: 29-38
• 154 Schmulson MJ, Drossman DA. What Is New in Rome IV. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2017; 23: 151-163
• 155 Bell RCW. Management of regurgitation in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2020; 36: 336-343
• 156 Kahrilas PJ, Howden CW, Hughes N. Response of Regurgitation to Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Clinical Trials of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011; 106: 1419-1425
• 157 Kahrilas PJ, Jonsson A, Denison H. et al. Regurgitation Is Less Responsive to Acid Suppression Than Heartburn in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012; 10: 612-619
• 158 Kahrilas PJ, Howden CW, Wernersson B. et al. Impact of persistent, frequent regurgitation on quality of life in heartburn responders treated with acid suppression: a multinational primary care study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2013; 37: 1005-1010
• 159 Armstrong D. Systematic review: persistence and severity in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28: 841-853
• 160 Modlin IM, Hunt RH, Malfertheiner P. et al. Diagnosis and Management of Non-Erosive Reflux Disease – The Vevey NERD Consensus Group. Digestion 2009; 80: 74-88
• 161 Khan Z, Alastal Y, Khan MA. et al. On-Demand Therapy with Proton Pump Inhibitors for Maintenance Treatment of Nonerosive Reflux Disease or Mild Erosive Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2018; 2018: 1-10
• 162 Metz DC, Inadomi JM, Howden CW. et al. On-Demand Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2007; 102: 642-653
• 163 Pace F, Tonini M, Pallotta S. et al. Systematic review: maintenance treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with proton pump inhibitors taken ‘on-demand’. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2007; 26: 195-204
• 164 Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T. et al. High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and esophagitis with or without symptoms in the general adult Swedish population: A Kalixanda study report. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2005; 40: 275-285
• 165 Johnson DA, Benjamin SB, Vakil NB. et al. Esomeprazole once daily for 6 months is effective therapy for maintaining healed erosive esophagitis and for controlling gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001; 96: 27-34
• 166 Vakil NB, Shaker R, Johnson DA. et al. The new proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole is effective as a maintenance therapy in GERD patients with healed erosive oesophagitis: a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2001; 15: 927-935
• 167 Targownik L. Discontinuing Long-Term PPI Therapy: Why, With Whom, and How?. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2018; 113: 519-528
• 168 Cloud ML, Enas N, Humphries TJ. et al. Rabeprazole in treatment of acid peptic diseases: results of three placebo-controlled dose-response clinical trials in duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The Rabeprazole Study Group. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43: 993-1000
• 169 Earnest DL, Dorsch E, Jones J. et al. A Placebo-Controlled Dose-Ranging Study of Lansoprazole in the Management of Reflux Esophagitis. American Journal of Gastroenterology 1998; 93: 238-243
• 170 Labenz J, Armstrong D, Lauritsen K. et al. Esomeprazole 20 mg vs. pantoprazole 20 mg for maintenance therapy of healed erosive oesophagitis: results from the EXPO study1. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2005; 22: 803-811
• 171 Lauritsen K, Devière J, Bigard MA. et al. Esomeprazole 20 mg and lansoprazole 15 mg in maintaining healed reflux oesophagitis: Metropole study results. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2003; 17: 333-341
• 172 Caos A, Breiter J, Perdomo C. et al. Long-term prevention of erosive or ulcerative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease relapse with rabeprazole 10 or 20 mg vs. placebo: results of a 5-year study in the United States. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2005; 22: 193-202
• 173 Johnson DA, Katz PO, Levine D. et al. Prevention of Relapse of Healed Reflux Esophagitis is Related to the Duration of Intragastric pH>4. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2010; 44: 475-478
• 174 Desai M, Hamade N, Sharma P. Management of Peptic Strictures. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2020; 115: 967-970
• 175 Vaezi MF, Katzka D, Zerbib F. Extraesophageal Symptoms and Diseases Attributed to GERD: Where is the Pendulum Swinging Now?. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018; 16: 1018-1029
• 176 Kahrilas PJ, Howden CW, Hughes N. et al. Response of Chronic Cough to Acid-Suppressive Therapy in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Chest 2013; 143: 605-612
• 177 Kiljander TO, Harding SM, Field SK. et al. Effects of Esomeprazole 40 mg Twice Daily on Asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2006; 173: 1091-1097
• 178 Durazzo M, Lupi G, Cicerchia F. et al. Extra-Esophageal Presentation of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: 2020 Update. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020; 9: 2559
• 179 Lam PKY, Ng ML, Cheung TK. et al. Rabeprazole Is Effective in Treating Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2010; 8: 770-776
• 180 Vaezi MF, Richter JE, Stasney CR. et al. Treatment of Chronic Posterior Laryngitis With Esomeprazole. The Laryngoscope 2006; 116: 254-260
• 181 Lechien JR, Saussez S, Schindler A. et al. Clinical outcomes of laryngopharyngeal reflux treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. The Laryngoscope 2018; 129: 1174-1187
• 182 Bajbouj M, Becker V, Eckel F. et al. Argon Plasma Coagulation of Cervical Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa as an Alternative Treatment for Globus Sensations. Gastroenterology 2009; 137: 440-444
• 183 Tseng W-H, Tseng P-H, Wu J-F. et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study with alginate suspension for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. The Laryngoscope 2018; 128: 2252-2260
• 184 Cremonini F, Wise J, Moayyedi P. et al. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: A Metaanalysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2005; 100: 1226-1232
• 185 Wang WH, Huang JQ, Zheng GF. et al. Is Proton Pump Inhibitor Testing an Effective Approach to Diagnose Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients With Noncardiac Chest Pain?. Archives of Internal Medicine 2005; 165: 1222
• 186 Kim JH, Sinn DH, Son HJ. et al. Comparison of one-week and two-week empirical trial with a high-dose rabeprazole in non-cardiac chest pain patients. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009; 24: 1504-1509
• 187 Hershcovici T, Achem SR, Jha LK. et al. Systematic review: the treatment of noncardiac chest pain. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2011; 35: 5-14
• 188 Flook NW, Moayyedi P, Dent J. et al. Acid-Suppressive Therapy With Esomeprazole for Relief of Unexplained Chest Pain in Primary Care: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2013; 108: 56-64
• 189 Kahrilas PJ, Hughes N, Howden CW. Response of unexplained chest pain to proton pump inhibitor treatment in patients with and without objective evidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 2011; 60: 1473-1478
• 190 Talwar V, Wurm P, Bankart MJG. et al. Clinical trial: chest pain caused by presumed gastro-oesophageal reflux in coronary artery disease – controlled study of lansoprazole vs. placebo. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2010; 32: 191-199
• 191 Kim Y, Ganocy S, Fass R. Proton‐pump inhibitor use and the development of new ischemic heart disease in non‐cardiac chest pain patients. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 2020; 32
• 192 George N, Abdallah J, Maradey-Romero C. et al. Review article: the current treatment of non-cardiac chest pain. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2015; 43: 213-239
• 193 Jung H-k, Choung RS, Talley NJ. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Sleep Disorders: Evidence for a Causal Link and Therapeutic Implications. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2010; 16: 22-29
• 194 Dent J, Holloway RH, Eastwood PR. Systematic review: relationships between sleep and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2013; 38: 657-673
• 195 Shepherd K, Ockelford J, Ganasan V. et al. Temporal Relationship Between Night-Time Gastroesophageal Reflux Events and Arousals From Sleep. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2020; 115: 697-705
• 196 Regenbogen E, Helkin A, Georgopoulos R. et al. Esophageal Reflux Disease Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy Impact on Sleep Disturbance. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 2012; 146: 524-532
• 197 Orr WC, Craddock A, Goodrich S. Acidic and Non-Acidic Reflux During Sleep Under Conditions of Powerful Acid Suppression. Chest 2007; 131: 460-465
• 198 Moayyedi P, Hunt R, Armstrong D. et al. The impact of intensifying acid suppression on sleep disturbance related to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2013; 37: 730-737
• 199 Nocon M, Labenz J, Jaspersen D. et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease under routine care: 5-year follow-up results of the ProGERD study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2009; 29: 662-668
• 200 Gagliardi GS, Shah AP, Goldstein M. et al. Effect of Zolpidem on the Sleep Arousal Response to Nocturnal Esophageal Acid Exposure. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2009; 7: 948-952
• 201 Orr WC. Review article: sleep-related gastro-oesophageal reflux as a distinct clinical entity. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2010; 31: 47-56
• 202 Deraman MA, Abdul Hafidz MI, Lawenko RM. et al. Randomised clinical trial: the effectiveness of Gaviscon Advance vs non-alginate antacid in suppression of acid pocket and post-prandial reflux in obese individuals after late-night supper. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2020; 51: 1014-1021
• 203 Ali RAR, Egan LJ. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in pregnancy. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 2007; 21: 793-806
• 204 Thélin CS, Richter JE. Review article: the management of heartburn during pregnancy and lactation. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2020; 51: 421-434
• 205 Fill MalfertheinerS, Malfertheiner MV, Kropf S. et al. A prospective longitudinal cohort study: evolution of GERD symptoms during the course of pregnancy. BMC Gastroenterology 2012; 12
• 206 Larson J, Patatanian E, Minerjr P. et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ranitidine for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms during pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1997; 90: 83-87
• 207 Fill S, Malfertheiner M, Costa SD. et al. Management der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit (GERD) in der Schwangerschaft. Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie 2007; 211: 215-223
• 208 Majithia R, Johnson DA. Are Proton Pump Inhibitors Safe during Pregnancy and Lactation?. Drugs 2012; 72: 171-179
• 209 Richter JE. Review article: the management of heartburn in pregnancy. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2005; 22: 749-757
• 210 Tytgat GN, Heading RC, Müller-Lissner S. et al. Contemporary understanding and management of reflux and constipation in the general population and pregnancy: a consensus meeting. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2003; 18: 291-301
• 211 van der Woude CJ, Metselaar HJ, Danese S. Management of gastrointestinal and liver diseases during pregnancy. Gut 2014; 63: 1014-1023
• 212 Strugala V, Bassin J, Swales VS. et al. Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a Raft-Forming Alginate Reflux Suppressant (Liquid Gaviscon) for the Treatment of Heartburn during Pregnancy. ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012; 2012: 1-6
• 213 Petersen K-U, Labenz J. Standort 2010. Verdauungskrankheiten 2010, 2010.
• 214 Gill SK, OʼBrien L, Einarson TR. et al. The Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) in Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009; 104: 1541-1545
• 215 Pasternak B, Hviid A. Use of Proton-Pump Inhibitors in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Birth Defects. New England Journal of Medicine 2010; 363: 2114-2123
• 216 Matok I, Levy A, Wiznitzer A. et al. The Safety of Fetal Exposure to Proton-Pump Inhibitors During Pregnancy. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2011; 57: 699-705
• 217 Mitchell AA. Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Birth Defects — Some Reassurance, but More Needed. New England Journal of Medicine 2010; 363: 2161-2163
• 218 Koop H. Verordnungspraxis und Risiken von Protonenpumpenblockern – Fiktion und Fakten. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 2018; 56: 264-274
• 219 Donnellan C, Preston C, Moayyedi P. et al. Medical treatments for the maintenance therapy of reflux oesophagitis and endoscopic negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2005;
• 220 Labenz J, Labenz C. Prävalenz und natürlicher Verlauf der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit. Der Gastroenterologe 2016; 11: 102-109
• 221 Ford AC, Forman D, Bailey AG. et al. The natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms in the community and its effects on survival: a longitudinal 10-year follow-up study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2012; 37: 323-331
• 222 Boghossian TA, Rashid FJ, Thompson W. et al. Deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017;
• 223 Ruigómez A, García Rodríguez LA, Wallander M-A. et al. Esophageal Stricture: Incidence, Treatment Patterns, and Recurrence Rate. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2006; 101: 2685-2692
• 224 Reimer C, Søndergaard B, Hilsted L. et al. Proton-Pump Inhibitor Therapy Induces Acid-Related Symptoms in Healthy Volunteers After Withdrawal of Therapy. Gastroenterology 2009; 137: 80-87.e1
• 225 Metz DC, Pilmer BL, Han C. et al. Withdrawing PPI Therapy After Healing Esophagitis Does Not Worsen Symptoms or Cause Persistent Hypergastrinemia: Analysis of Dexlansoprazole MR Clinical Trial Data. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2011; 106: 1953-1960
• 226 Bjornsson E, Abrahamsson H, Simren M. et al. Discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors in patients on long-term therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2006; 24: 945-954
• 227 El-Omar EM, Banerjee S, Wirz AA. et al. Marked rebound acid hypersecretion after treatment with ranitidine. The American journal of gastroenterology 1996; 91 (02) 355-359
• 228 Coyle C, Symonds R, Allan J. et al. Sustained proton pump inhibitor deprescribing among dyspeptic patients in general practice: a return to self-management through a programme of education and alginate rescue therapy. A prospective interventional study. BJGP Open 2019; 3
• 229 Farrell B, Pottie K, Thompson W. et al. Deprescribing proton pump inhibitors: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Can Fam Physician 2017; 63: 354-364
• 230 Yadlapati R, Masihi M, Gyawali CP. et al. Ambulatory Reflux Monitoring Guides Proton Pump Inhibitor Discontinuation in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms: A Clinical Trial. Gastroenterology 2021; 160: 174-182.e1
• 231 Corley DA. Safety and Complications of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy: Getting Closer to the Truth. Gastroenterology 2019; 157: 604-607
• 232 Ueberschaer H, Allescher H-D. Protonenpumpenhemmer – Nebenwirkungen und Komplikationen der langfristigen Protonenpumpenhemmereinnahme. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 2017; 55: 63-74
• 233 Vaezi MF, Yang Y-X, Howden CW. Complications of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy. Gastroenterology 2017; 153: 35-48
• 234 Attwood SE, Ell C, Galmiche JP. et al. Long-term safety of proton pump inhibitor therapy assessed under controlled, randomised clinical trial conditions: data from the SOPRAN and LOTUS studies. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2015; 41: 1162-1174
• 235 Moayyedi P, Eikelboom JW, Bosch J. et al. Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors Based on a Large, Multi-Year, Randomized Trial of Patients Receiving Rivaroxaban or Aspirin. Gastroenterology 2019; 157: 682-691.e2
• 236 Lochhead P, Hagan K, Joshi AD. et al. Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Cognitive Function in Women. Gastroenterology 2017; 153: 971-979.e4
• 237 Wod M, Hallas J, Andersen K. et al. Lack of Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Cognitive Decline. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018; 16: 681-689
• 238 Desai M, Nutalapati V, Srinivasan S. et al. Proton pump inhibitors do not increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diseases of the Esophagus 2020; 33
• 239 Targownik LE. Editorial: letʼs take a break from studying the PPI-fracture association. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2018; 47: 1543-1544
• 240 Hoff M, Skovlund E, Skurtveit S. et al. Proton pump inhibitors and fracture risk. The HUNT study, Norway. Osteoporosis International 2019; 31: 109-118
• 241 Kumar S, Drake MT, Schleck CD. et al. Incidence and predictors of osteoporotic fractures in patients with Barrettʼs oesophagus: a population-based nested case-control study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2017; 46: 1094-1102
• 242 Targownik LE. Editorial: Non-breaking news! High-dose PPIs likely do not cause fractures. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2017; 47: 137-137
• 243 Targownik LE, Goertzen AL, Luo Y. et al. Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Is Not Associated With Changes in Bone Strength and Structure. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2017; 112: 95-101
• 244 Targownik LE, Leslie WD, Davison SK. et al. The Relationship Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Longitudinal Change in Bone Mineral Density: A Population-Based From the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). American Journal of Gastroenterology 2012; 107: 1361-1369
• 245 Hansen KE, Nieves JW, Nudurupati S. et al. Dexlansoprazole and Esomeprazole Do Not Affect Bone Homeostasis in Healthy Postmenopausal Women. Gastroenterology 2019; 156: 926-934.e6
• 246 Lee JK, Merchant SA, Schneider JL. et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Gastric, Colorectal, Liver, and Pancreatic Cancers in a Community-Based Population. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2020; 115: 706-715
• 247 Ghosh G, Schnoll-Sussman F, Mathews S. et al. Reported proton pump inhibitor side effects: what are physician and patient perspectives and behaviour patterns?. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2019; 51: 121-128
• 248 Kurlander JE, Kennedy JK, Rubenstein JH. et al. Patientsʼ Perceptions of Proton Pump Inhibitor Risks and Attempts at Discontinuation: A National Survey. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2019; 114: 244-249
• 249 Kurlander JE, Rubenstein JH, Richardson CR. et al. Physiciansʼ Perceptions of Proton Pump Inhibitor Risks and Recommendations to Discontinue: A National Survey. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2020; 115: 689-696
• 250 Fischbach W, Malfertheiner P, Lynen Jansen P. et al. [S2k-guideline Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal ulcer disease]. Z Gastroenterol 2016; 54: 327-363
• 251 Lundell L, Vieth M, Gibson F. et al. Systematic review: the effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor use on serum gastrin levels and gastric histology. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2015; 42: 649-663
• 252 Cheung KS, Chan EW, Wong AYS. et al. Long-term proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer development after treatment for Helicobacter pylori: a population-based study. Gut 2017; 67: 28-35
• 253 Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, OʼMorain CA. et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2017; 66: 6-30
• 254 Rosen R, Vandenplas Y, Singendonk M. et al. Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Clinical Practice Guidelines: Joint Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66: 516-554
• 255 Smith JA, Decalmer S, Kelsall A. et al. Acoustic cough-reflux associations in chronic cough: potential triggers and mechanisms. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 754-762
• 256 Kaufman JA, Houghland JE, Quiroga E. et al. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic antireflux surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related airway disorder. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 1824-1830
• 257 DeMeester TR, Bonavina L, Albertucci M. Nissen fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Evaluation of primary repair in 100 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 1986; 204: 9-20
• 258 Hill LD, Kozarek RA, Kraemer SJ. et al. The gastroesophageal flap valve: in vitro and in vivo observations. Gastrointest Endosc 1996; 44: 541-547
• 259 Fuchs KH, Freys SM, Heimbucher J. et al. Pathophysiologic spectrum in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease in a surgical Gl-function laboratory. Diseases of the Esophagus 1995; 8: 211-217
• 260 Tack J, Pandolfino JE. Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154: 277-288
• 261 Costantini M, Crookes PF, Bremner RM. et al Value of physiologic assessment of foregut symptoms in a surgical practice. Surgery 1993; 114: 780-786 ; discussion 786-7
• 262 Raman A, Sternbach J, Babajide A. et al. When does testing for GERD become cost effective in an integrated health network?. Surg Endosc 2010; 24: 1245-1249
• 263 Chan WW, Haroian LR, Gyawali CP. Value of preoperative esophageal function studies before laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Surg Endosc 2011; 25: 2943-2949
• 264 Bredenoord AJ, Weusten BL, Timmer R. et al. Characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux in symptomatic patients with and without excessive esophageal acid exposure. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2470-2475
• 265 Hemmink GJ, Bredenoord AJ, Weusten BL. et al. Esophageal pH-impedance monitoring in patients with therapy-resistant reflux symptoms: 'on' or 'off' proton pump inhibitor?. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 2446-2453
• 266 Roman S, Gyawali CP, Savarino E. et al. Ambulatory reflux monitoring for diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: Update of the Porto consensus and recommendations from an international consensus group. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29: 1-15
• 267 Jobe BA, Richter JE, Hoppo T. et al. Preoperative diagnostic workup before antireflux surgery: an evidence and experience-based consensus of the Esophageal Diagnostic Advisory Panel. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 217: 586-597
• 268 Salvatore S, Hauser B, Vandemaele K. et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants: how much is predictable with questionnaires, pH-metry, endoscopy and histology?. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005; 40: 210-215
• 269 Funderburk A, Nawab U, Abraham S. et al. Temporal Association Between Reflux-like Behaviors and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Preterm and Term Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62: 556-561
• 270 Zaninotto G, DeMeester TR, Schwizer W. et al. The lower esophageal sphincter in health and disease. Am J Surg 1988; 155: 104-111
• 271 Kahrilas PJ, Sifrim D. High-resolution manometry and impedance-pH/manometry: valuable tools in clinical and investigational esophagology. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 756-769
• 272 Lord RV, DeMeester SR, Peters JH. et al. Hiatal hernia, lower esophageal sphincter incompetence, and effectiveness of Nissen fundoplication in the spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13: 602-610
• 273 Kahrilas PJ, Bredenoord AJ, Carlson DA. et al. Advances in Management of Esophageal Motility Disorders. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16: 1692-1700
• 274 Kahrilas PJ, Bredenoord AJ, Fox M. et al. Expert consensus document: Advances in the management of oesophageal motility disorders in the era of high-resolution manometry: a focus on achalasia syndromes. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14: 677-688
• 275 Kahrilas PJ, Bredenoord AJ, Fox M. et al. The Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27: 160-174
• 276 Gyawali CP, Roman S, Bredenoord AJ. et al. Classification of esophageal motor findings in gastro-esophageal reflux disease: Conclusions from an international consensus group. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29
• 277 Kuster E, Ros E, Toledo-Pimentel V. et al. Predictive factors of the long term outcome in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: six year follow up of 107 patients. Gut 1994; 35: 8-14
• 278 Fein M, Bueter M, Thalheimer A. et al. Ten-year outcome of laparoscopic antireflux surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12: 1893-1899
• 279 Campos GM, Peters JH, DeMeester TR. et al. Multivariate analysis of factors predicting outcome after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. J Gastrointest Surg 1999; 3: 292-300
• 280 Stein HJ, Barlow AP, DeMeester TR. et al. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Role of the lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal acid and acid/alkaline exposure, and duodenogastric reflux. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 35-43
• 281 Kamolz T, Granderath F, Pointner R. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery: disease-related quality of life assessment before and after surgery in GERD patients with and without Barrettʼs esophagus. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 880-885
• 282 Dallemagne B, Weerts J, Markiewicz S. et al. Clinical results of laparoscopic fundoplication at ten years after surgery. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 159-165
• 283 Broeders JA, Draaisma WA, Bredenoord AJ. et al. Impact of symptom-reflux association analysis on long-term outcome after Nissen fundoplication. Br J Surg 2011; 98: 247-254
• 284 Mehta S, Bennett J, Mahon D. et al Prospective trial of laparoscopic nissen fundoplication versus proton pump inhibitor therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease: Seven-year follow-up. J Gastrointest Surg 2006; 10: 1312-1316 ; discussion 1316-7
• 285 Anvari M, Allen C, Marshall J. et al. A randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication versus proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): 3-year outcomes. Surg Endosc 2011; 25: 2547-2554
• 286 Galmiche JP, Hatlebakk J, Attwood S. et al. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery vs esomeprazole treatment for chronic GERD: the LOTUS randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2011; 305: 1969-1977
• 287 Pauwels A, Boecxstaens V, Andrews CN. et al. How to select patients for antireflux surgery? The ICARUS guidelines (international consensus regarding preoperative examinations and clinical characteristics assessment to select adult patients for antireflux surgery). Gut 2019; 68: 1928-1941
• 288 Gonzalez Ayerbe JI, Hauser B, Salvatore S. et al. Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Infants and Children: from Guidelines to Clinical Practice. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2019; 22: 107-121
• 289 Lightdale JR, Gremse DA, Section on Gastroenterology H. et al. Gastroesophageal reflux: management guidance for the pediatrician. Pediatrics 2013; 131: e1684-e1695
• 290 Maret-Ouda J, Yanes M, Konings P. et al. Mortality from laparoscopic antireflux surgery in a nationwide cohort of the working-age population. Br J Surg 2016; 103: 863-870
• 291 Yanes M, Santoni G, Maret-Ouda J. et al. Mortality, Reoperation, and Hospital Stay Within 90 Days of Primary and Secondary Antireflux Surgery in a Population-Based Multinational Study. Gastroenterology 2021; 160: 2283-2290
• 292 Funk LM, Kanji A, Scott Melvin W. et al. Elective antireflux surgery in the US: an analysis of national trends in utilization and inpatient outcomes from 2005 to 2010. Surg Endosc 2014; 28: 1712-1719
• 293 Granderath FA, Kamolz T, Schweiger UM. et al. [Outcome after laparoscopic antireflux surgery: fundoplication and re-fundoplication in the elderly]. Chirurg 2001; 72: 1026-1031
• 294 Kamolz T, Granderath FA, Pointner R. Does major depression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease affect the outcome of laparoscopic antireflux surgery?. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 55-60
• 295 Kamolz T, Bammer T, Granderath FA. et al. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients with concomitant anxiety disorders. Dig Liver Dis 2001; 33: 659-664
• 296 Fuchs HF, Babic B, Fuchs KH. et al. Do patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and somatoform tendencies benefit from antireflux surgery?. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25: 388-397
• 297 Broeders JA, Draaisma WA, Bredenoord AJ. et al. Long-term outcome of Nissen fundoplication in non-erosive and erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 845-852
• 298 Fuchs KH, Breithaupt W, Varga G. et al. Primary laparoscopic fundoplication in selected patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dis Esophagus 2022;
• 299 Grant AM, Wileman SM, Ramsay CR. et al. Minimal access surgery compared with medical management for chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: UK collaborative randomised trial. BMJ 2008; 337: a2664
• 300 Salminen PT, Hiekkanen HI, Rantala AP. et al. Comparison of long-term outcome of laparoscopic and conventional nissen fundoplication: a prospective randomized study with an 11-year follow-up. Ann Surg 2007; 246: 201-206
• 301 Broeders JA, Rijnhart-de Jong HG, Draaisma WA. et al. Ten-year outcome of laparoscopic and conventional nissen fundoplication: randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg 2009; 250: 698-706
• 302 Rothenberg SS. Two decades of experience with laparoscopic nissen fundoplication in infants and children: a critical evaluation of indications, technique, and results. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2013; 23: 791-794
• 303 Laws HL, Clements RH, Swillie CM. A randomized, prospective comparison of the Nissen fundoplication versus the Toupet fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ann Surg 1997; 225: 647-653 ; discussion 654
• 304 Huerta CT, Plymale M, Barrett P. et al. Long-term efficacy of laparoscopic Nissen versus Toupet fundoplication for the management of types III and IV hiatal hernias. Surg Endosc 2019; 33: 2895-2900
• 305 Watson DI, Jamieson GG, Pike GK. et al. Prospective randomized double-blind trial between laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and anterior partial fundoplication. Br J Surg 1999; 86: 123-130
• 306 Fibbe C, Layer P, Keller J. et al. Esophageal motility in reflux disease before and after fundoplication: a prospective, randomized, clinical, and manometric study. Gastroenterology 2001; 121: 5-14
• 307 Baigrie RJ, Cullis SN, Ndhluni AJ. et al. Randomized double-blind trial of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication versus anterior partial fundoplication. Br J Surg 2005; 92: 819-823
• 308 Spence GM, Watson DI, Jamiesion GG. et al. Single center prospective randomized trial of laparoscopic Nissen versus anterior 90 degrees fundoplication. J Gastrointest Surg 2006; 10: 698-705
• 309 Guerin E, Betroune K, Closset J. et al. Nissen versus Toupet fundoplication: results of a randomized and multicenter trial. Surg Endosc 2007; 21: 1985-1990
• 310 Engstrom C, Lonroth H, Mardani J. et al An anterior or posterior approach to partial fundoplication? Long-term results of a randomized trial. World J Surg 2007; 31: 1221-1225 ; discussion 1226-7
• 311 Mickevicius A, Endzinas Z, Kiudelis M. et al. Influence of wrap length on the effectiveness of Nissen and Toupet fundoplication: a prospective randomized study. Surg Endosc 2008; 22: 2269-2276
• 312 Mickevicius A, Endzinas Z, Kiudelis M. et al. Influence of wrap length on the effectiveness of Nissen and Toupet fundoplications: 5-year results of prospective, randomized study. Surg Endosc 2013; 27: 986-991
• 313 Booth MI, Stratford J, Jones L. et al. Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic total (Nissen) versus posterior partial (Toupet) fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease based on preoperative oesophageal manometry. Br J Surg 2008; 95: 57-63
• 314 Strate U, Emmermann A, Fibbe C. et al. Laparoscopic fundoplication: Nissen versus Toupet two-year outcome of a prospective randomized study of 200 patients regarding preoperative esophageal motility. Surg Endosc 2008; 22: 21-30
• 315 Nijjar RS, Watson DI, Jamieson GG. et al. Five-year follow-up of a multicenter, double-blind randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic Nissen vs. anterior 90 degrees partial fundoplication. Arch Surg 2010; 145: 552-557
• 316 Cao Z, Cai W, Qin M. et al. Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic anterior 180 degrees partial versus 360 degrees Nissen fundoplication: 5-year results. Dis Esophagus 2012; 25: 114-120
• 317 Shaw JM, Bornman PC, Callanan MD. et al. Long-term outcome of laparoscopic Nissen and laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a prospective, randomized trial. Surg Endosc 2010; 24: 924-932
• 318 Catarci M, Gentileschi P, Papi C. et al. Evidence-based appraisal of antireflux fundoplication. Ann Surg 2004; 239: 325-337
• 319 Neufeld M, Graham A. Levels of evidence available for techniques in antireflux surgery. Dis Esophagus 2007; 20: 161-167
• 320 Davis CS, Baldea A, Johns JR. et al. The evolution and long-term results of laparoscopic antireflux surgery for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. JSLS 2010; 14: 332-341
• 321 Fein M, Seyfried F. Is there a role for anything other than a Nissenʼs operation?. J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14 (Suppl. 01) S67-S74
• 322 Broeders JA, Mauritz FA, Ahmed AliU. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopic Nissen (posterior total) versus Toupet (posterior partial) fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1318-1330
• 323 Tan G, Yang Z, Wang Z. Meta-analysis of laparoscopic total (Nissen) versus posterior (Toupet) fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease based on randomized clinical trials. ANZ J Surg 2011; 81: 246-252
• 324 Horvath KD, Jobe BA, Herron DM. et al. Laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication is an inadequate procedure for patients with severe reflux disease. J Gastrointest Surg 1999; 3: 583-591
• 325 Patti MG, Robinson T, Galvani C. et al Total fundoplication is superior to partial fundoplication even when esophageal peristalsis is weak. J Am Coll Surg 2004; 198: 863-869 ; discussion 869-70
• 326 Fuchs KH, Breithaupt W, Fein M. et al. Laparoscopic Nissen repair: indications, techniques and long-term benefits. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2005; 390: 197-202
• 327 Morgenthal CB, Shane MD, Stival A. et al. The durability of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: 11-year outcomes. J Gastrointest Surg 2007; 11: 693-700
• 328 Sgromo B, Irvine LA, Cuschieri A. et al. Long-term comparative outcome between laparoscopic total Nissen and Toupet fundoplication: Symptomatic relief, patient satisfaction and quality of life. Surg Endosc 2008; 22: 1048-1053
• 329 Watson DI, Jamieson GG, Lally C. et al. Multicenter, prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of laparoscopic nissen vs anterior 90 degrees partial fundoplication. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 1160-1167
• 330 Ayazi S, Chowdhury N, Zaidi AH. et al. Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) in patients with hiatal hernia: clinical outcome and patterns of recurrence. Surg Endosc 2020; 34: 1835-1846
• 331 Ganz RA, Peters JH, Horgan S. Esophageal sphincter device for gastroesophageal reflux disease. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 2039-2040
• 332 Schizas D, Mastoraki A, Papoutsi E. et al. LINX((R)) reflux management system to bridge the “treatment gap” in gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review of 35 studies. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8: 294-305
• 333 Dunn C, Bildzukewicz N, Lipham J. Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2020; 30: 325-342
• 334 Rathore MA, Andrabi SI, Bhatti MI. et al. Metaanalysis of recurrence after laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia. JSLS 2007; 11: 456-460
• 335 Eypasch E, Thiel B, Sauerland S. Laparoscopic fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease – a consensus development conference and the evidence-based benefit. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2000; 385: 57-63
• 336 Fuchs KH, Feussner H, Bonavina L. et al. Current status and trends in laparoscopic antireflux surgery: results of a consensus meeting. The European Study Group for Antireflux Surgery (ESGARS). Endoscopy 1997; 29: 298-308
• 337 Lundell L, Miettinen P, Myrvold HE. et al Continued (5-year) followup of a randomized clinical study comparing antireflux surgery and omeprazole in gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Am Coll Surg 2001; 192: 172-179 ; discussion 179-81
• 338 Lundell L, Attwood S, Ell C. et al. Comparing laparoscopic antireflux surgery with esomeprazole in the management of patients with chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a 3-year interim analysis of the LOTUS trial. Gut 2008; 57: 1207-1213
• 339 Chew CR, Jamieson GG, Devitt PG. et al. Prospective randomized trial of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with anterior versus posterior hiatal repair: late outcomes. World J Surg 2011; 35: 2038-2044
• 340 Antoniou SA, Antoniou GA, Koch OO. et al. Lower recurrence rates after mesh-reinforced versus simple hiatal hernia repair: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2012; 22: 498-502
• 341 Asti E, Sironi A, Bonitta G. et al. Crura augmentation with Bio-A(®) mesh for laparoscopic repair of hiatal hernia: single-institution experience with 100 consecutive patients. Hernia 2017; 21: 623-628
• 342 Balagué C, Fdez-Ananín S, Sacoto D. et al. Paraesophageal Hernia: To Mesh or Not to Mesh? The Controversy Continues. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 30: 140-146
• 343 Keville S, Rabach L, Saad AR. et al. Evolution From the U-shaped to Keyhole-shaped Mesh Configuration in the Repair of Paraesophageal and Recurrent Hiatal Hernia. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2020; 30: 339-344
• 344 Koetje JH, Oor JE, Roks DJ. et al. Equal patient satisfaction, quality of life and objective recurrence rate after laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair with and without mesh. Surg Endosc 2017; 31: 3673-3680
• 345 Oor JE, Roks DJ, Koetje JH. et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair using sutures versus sutures reinforced with non-absorbable mesh. Surg Endosc 2018; 32: 4579-4589
• 346 Watson DI, Thompson SK, Devitt PG. et al. Five Year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Laparoscopic Repair of Very Large Hiatus Hernia With Sutures Versus Absorbable Versus Nonabsorbable Mesh. Ann Surg 2020; 272: 241-247
• 347 Frantzides CT, Madan AK, Carlson MA. et al. A prospective, randomized trial of laparoscopic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch repair vs simple cruroplasty for large hiatal hernia. Arch Surg 2002; 137: 649-652
• 348 Granderath FA, Schweiger UM, Kamolz T. et al. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with prosthetic hiatal closure reduces postoperative intrathoracic wrap herniation: preliminary results of a prospective randomized functional and clinical study. Arch Surg 2005; 140: 40-48
• 349 Muller-Stich BP, Linke GR, Senft J. et al Laparoscopic Mesh-augmented Hiatoplasty With Cardiophrenicopexy Versus Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Double-center Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Surg 2015; 262: 721-725 ; discussion 725-7
• 350 Soricelli E, Basso N, Genco A. et al. Long-term results of hiatal hernia mesh repair and antireflux laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 2009; 23: 2499-2504
• 351 Stadlhuber RJ, Sherif AE, Mittal SK. et al. Mesh complications after prosthetic reinforcement of hiatal closure: a 28-case series. Surg Endosc 2009; 23: 1219-1226
• 352 Parker M, Bowers SP, Bray JM. et al. Hiatal mesh is associated with major resection at revisional operation. Surg Endosc 2010; 24: 3095-3101
• 353 Mehta S, Boddy A, Rhodes M. Review of outcome after laparoscopic paraesophageal hiatal hernia repair. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2006; 16: 301-306
• 354 Pallabazzer G, Santi S, Parise P. et al. Giant hiatal hernias: direct hiatus closure has an acceptable recurrence rate. Updates Surg 2011; 63: 75-81
• 355 Furnee EJ, Draaisma WA, Gooszen HG. et al. Tailored or routine addition of an antireflux fundoplication in laparoscopic large hiatal hernia repair: a comparative cohort study. World J Surg 2011; 35: 78-84
• 356 Yano F, Stadlhuber RJ, Tsuboi K. et al. Outcomes of surgical treatment of intrathoracic stomach. Dis Esophagus 2009; 22: 284-288
• 357 Youssef YK, Shekar N, Lutfi R. et al. Long-term evaluation of patient satisfaction and reflux symptoms after laparoscopic fundoplication with Collis gastroplasty. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 1702-1705
• 358 Mattioli S, Lugaresi ML, Costantini M. et al. The short esophagus: intraoperative assessment of esophageal length. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 136: 834-841
• 359 Lugaresi M, Mattioli B, Daddi N. et al. Surgery for Type III–IV hiatal hernia: anatomical recurrence and global results after elective treatment of short oesophagus with open and minimally invasive surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 49: 1137-1143
• 360 Lugaresi M, Mattioli B, Daddi N. et al. True Short Esophagus in Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease: Old Controversies With New Perspectives. Ann Surg 2021; 274: 331-338
• 361 Zehetner J, DeMeester SR, Ayazi S. et al. Laparoscopic wedge fundectomy for collis gastroplasty creation in patients with a foreshortened esophagus. Ann Surg 2014; 260: 1030-1033
• 362 Maret-Ouda J, Wahlin K, El-Serag HB. et al. Association Between Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery and Recurrence of Gastroesophageal Reflux. JAMA 2017; 318: 939-946
• 363 Csendes A, Orellana O, Cuneo N. et al. Long-term (15-year) objective evaluation of 150 patients after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Surgery 2019; 166: 886-894
• 364 Zhou T, Harnsberger C, Broderick R. et al. Reoperation rates after laparoscopic fundoplication. Surg Endosc 2015; 29: 510-514
• 365 Baerg J, Thorpe D, Bultron G. et al. A multicenter study of the incidence and factors associated with redo Nissen fundoplication in children. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48: 1306-1311
• 366 Al Hashmi AW, Pineton de Chambrun G, Souche R. et al. A retrospective multicenter analysis on redo-laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery: conservative or conversion fundoplication?. Surg Endosc 2019; 33: 243-251
• 367 Del Campo SEM, Mansfield SA, Suzo AJ. et al. Laparoscopic redo fundoplication improves disease-specific and global quality of life following failed laparoscopic or open fundoplication. Surg Endosc 2017; 31: 4649-4655
• 368 Wykypiel H, Kamolz T, Steiner P. et al. Austrian experiences with redo antireflux surgery. Surg Endosc 2005; 19: 1315-1319
• 369 Iqbal A, Awad Z, Simkins J. et al. Repair of 104 failed anti-reflux operations. Ann Surg 2006; 244: 42-51
• 370 Oelschlager BK, Lal DR, Jensen E. et al. Medium- and long-term outcome of laparoscopic redo fundoplication. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 1817-1823
• 371 Khajanchee YS, OʼRourke R, Cassera MA. et al Laparoscopic reintervention for failed antireflux surgery: subjective and objective outcomes in 176 consecutive patients. Arch Surg 2007; 142: 785-901 ; discussion 791-2
• 372 Cowgill SM, Arnaoutakis D, Villadolid D. et al. “Redo” fundoplications: satisfactory symptomatic outcomes with higher cost of care. J Surg Res 2007; 143: 183-188
• 373 Funch-Jensen P, Bendixen A, Iversen MG. et al. Complications and frequency of redo antireflux surgery in Denmark: a nationwide study, 1997-2005. Surg Endosc 2008; 22: 627-630
• 374 Furnee EJ, Draaisma WA, Broeders IA. et al. Surgical reintervention after failed antireflux surgery: a systematic review of the literature. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13: 1539-1549
• 375 Dallemagne B, Arenas Sanchez M, Francart D. et al. Long-term results after laparoscopic reoperation for failed antireflux procedures. Br J Surg 2011; 98: 1581-1587
• 376 Schlottmann F, Laxague F, Angeramo CA. et al. Outcomes of Laparoscopic Redo Fundoplication in Patients With Failed Antireflux Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Surg 2021; 274: 78-85
• 377 Vilar A, Priego P, Puerta A. et al. Redo Surgery after Failure of Antireflux Surgery. Am Surg 2018; 84: 1819-1824
• 378 Varban OA, McCoy TP, Westcott C. A comparison of pre-operative comorbidities and post-operative outcomes among patients undergoing laparoscopic nissen fundoplication at high- and low-volume centers. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15: 1121-1127
• 379 Wilshire CL, Louie BE, Shultz D. et al. Clinical Outcomes of Reoperation for Failed Antireflux Operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 101: 1290-1296
• 380 Gatenby PA, Ramus JR, Caygill CP. et al. Relevance of the detection of intestinal metaplasia in non-dysplastic columnar-lined oesophagus. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43: 524-530
• 381 Kelty CJ, Gough MD, Van Wyk Q. et al. Barrettʼs oesophagus: intestinal metaplasia is not essential for cancer risk. Scand J Gastroenterol 2007; 42: 1271-1274
• 382 Playford RJ. New British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Barrettʼs oesophagus. Gut 2006; 55: 442
• 383 Srivastava A, Odze RD, Lauwers GY. et al. Morphologic features are useful in distinguishing Barrett esophagus from carditis with intestinal metaplasia. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31: 1733-1741
• 384 Naini BV, Souza RF, Odze RD. Barrettʼs Esophagus: A Comprehensive and Contemporary Review for Pathologists. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40: e45-e66
• 385 Yousef F, Cardwell C, Cantwell MM. et al. The incidence of esophageal cancer and high-grade dysplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168: 237-249
• 386 Takubo K, Aida J, Naomoto Y. et al. Cardiac rather than intestinal-type background in endoscopic resection specimens of minute Barrett adenocarcinoma. Human Pathology 2009; 40: 65-74
• 387 Chandrasoma P, Wijetunge S, DeMeester S. et al. Columnar-Lined Esophagus Without Intestinal Metaplasia Has No Proven Risk of Adenocarcinoma. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2012; 36: 1-7
• 388 Westerhoff M, Hovan L, Lee C. et al. Effects of Dropping the Requirement for Goblet Cells From the Diagnosis of Barrettʼs Esophagus. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012; 10: 1232-1236
• 389 Thomas T, Abrams KR, De Caestecker JS. et al. Meta analysis: cancer risk in Barrettʼs oesophagus. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2007; 26: 1465-1477
• 390 Alcedo J, Ferrández A, Arenas J. et al. Trends in Barrettʼs esophagus diagnosis in Southern Europe: implications for surveillance. Diseases of the Esophagus 2009; 22: 239-248
• 391 Anaparthy R, Gaddam S, Kanakadandi V. et al. Association Between Length of Barrettʼs Esophagus and Risk of High-grade Dysplasia or Adenocarcinoma in Patients Without Dysplasia. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2013; 11: 1430-1436
• 392 Sharma P, Dent J, Armstrong D. et al. The Development and Validation of an Endoscopic Grading System for Barrettʼs Esophagus: The Prague C & M Criteria. Gastroenterology 2006; 131: 1392-1399
• 393 Pech O, Gossner L, Manner H. et al. Prospective evaluation of the macroscopic types and location of early Barrettʼs neoplasia in 380 lesions. Endoscopy 2007; 39: 588-593
• 394 Peters FP, Brakenhoff KPM, Curvers WL. et al. Histologic evaluation of resection specimens obtained at 293 endoscopic resections in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2008; 67: 604-609
• 395 Bisschops R, Areia M, Coron E. et al. Performance measures for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy quality improvement initiative. United European Gastroenterology Journal 2016; 4: 629-656
• 396 McClave SA, Worth Boyce H, Gottfried MR. Early diagnosis of columnar-lined esophagus: a new endoscopic diagnostic criterion. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1987; 33: 413-416
• 397 Singh S, Garg SK, Singh PP. et al. Acid-suppressive medications and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrettʼs oesophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2013; 63: 1229-1237
• 398 Souza RF, Shewmake K, Terada LS. et al. Acid exposure activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 299-307
• 399 Clemons NJ, McColl KEL, Fitzgerald RC. Nitric Oxide and Acid Induce Double-Strand DNA Breaks in Barrettʼs Esophagus Carcinogenesis via Distinct Mechanisms. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 1198-1209
• 400 Jankowski JAZ, de Caestecker J, Love SB. et al. Esomeprazole and aspirin in Barrettʼs oesophagus (AspECT): a randomised factorial trial. Lancet 2018; 392: 400-408
• 401 Nguyen T, Khalaf N, Ramsey D. et al. Statin Use Is Associated With a Decreased Risk of Barrettʼs Esophagus. Gastroenterology 2014; 147: 314-323
• 402 Nguyen T, Duan Z, Naik AD. et al. Statin Use Reduces Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in US Veterans With Barrettʼs Esophagus: A Nested Case-Control Study. Gastroenterology 2015; 149: 1392-1398
• 403 Gupta N, Gaddam S, Wani SB. et al. Longer inspection time is associated with increased detection of high-grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2012; 76: 531-538
• 404 Levine DS, Haggitt RC, Blount PL. et al. An endoscopic biopsy protocol can differentiate high-grade dysplasia from early adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 40-50
• 405 Peters FP, Curvers WL, Rosmolen WD. et al. Surveillance history of endoscopically treated patients with early Barrettʼs neoplasia: nonadherence to the Seattle biopsy protocol leads to sampling error. Diseases of the Esophagus 2008; 21: 475-479
• 406 Abela J-E, Going JJ, Mackenzie JF. et al. Systematic Four-Quadrant Biopsy Detects Barrettʼs Dysplasia in More Patients Than Nonsystematic Biopsy. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2008; 103: 850-855
• 407 Canto MI, Yoshida T, Gossner L. Chromoscopy of Intestinal Metaplasia in Barrettʼs Esophagus. Endoscopy 2002; 34: 330-336
• 408 Yuki T, Amano Y, Kushiyama Y. et al. Evaluation of modified crystal violet chromoendoscopy procedure using new mucosal pit pattern classification for detection of Barrettʼs dysplastic lesions. Digestive and Liver Disease 2006; 38: 296-300
• 409 Guelrud M, Herrera I, Essenfeld H. et al. Enhanced magnification endoscopy: A new technique to identify specialized intestinal metaplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2001; 53: 559-565
• 410 Sharma P. Magnification chromoendoscopy for the detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrettʼs oesophagus. Gut 2003; 52: 24-27
• 411 Coletta M, Sami SS, Nachiappan A. et al. Acetic acid chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of early neoplasia and specialized intestinal metaplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus: a meta-analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016; 83: 57-67.e1
• 412 Qumseya BJ, Wang H, Badie N. et al. Advanced Imaging Technologies Increase Detection of Dysplasia and Neoplasia in Patients With Barrettʼs Esophagus: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2013; 11: 1562-1570.e2
• 413 Desai TK, Krishnan K, Samala N. et al. The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in non-dysplastic Barrettʼs oesophagus: a meta-analysis. Gut 2012; 61: 970-976
• 414 Haidry RJ, Dunn JM, Butt MA. et al. Radiofrequency Ablation and Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Dysplastic Barrettʼs Esophagus and Early Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Outcomes of the UK National Halo RFA Registry. Gastroenterology 2013; 145: 87-95
• 415 Gupta M, Iyer PG, Lutzke L. et al. Recurrence of Esophageal Intestinal Metaplasia After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Radiofrequency Ablation of Barrettʼs Esophagus: Results From a US Multicenter Consortium. Gastroenterology 2013; 145: 79-86.e1
• 416 Kerkhof M, van Dekken H, Steyerberg EW. et al. Grading of dysplasia in Barrettʼs oesophagus: substantial interobserver variation between general and gastrointestinal pathologists. Histopathology 2007; 50: 920-927
• 417 Pech O, Vieth M, Schmitz D. et al. Conclusions from the histological diagnosis of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in Barrettʼs oesophagus. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2007; 42: 682-688
• 418 Curvers WL, ten Kate FJ, Krishnadath KK. et al. Low-Grade Dysplasia in Barrettʼs Esophagus: Overdiagnosed and Underestimated. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010; 105: 1523-1530
• 419 Duits LC, Phoa KN, Curvers WL. et al. Barrettʼs oesophagus patients with low-grade dysplasia can be accurately risk-stratified after histological review by an expert pathology panel. Gut 2014; 64: 700-706
• 420 Wani S, Falk G, Hall M. et al. Patients With Nondysplastic Barrettʼs Esophagus Have Low Risks for Developing Dysplasia or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2011; 9: 220-227.e1
• 421 Duits LC, van der Wel MJ, Cotton CC. et al. Patients With Barrettʼs Esophagus and Confirmed Persistent Low-Grade Dysplasia Are at Increased Risk for Progression to Neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 993-1001.e1
• 422 Qumseya BJ, Wani S, Gendy S. et al. Disease Progression in Barrettʼs Low-Grade Dysplasia With Radiofrequency Ablation Compared With Surveillance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2017; 112: 849-865
• 423 Pouw RE, Klaver E, Phoa KN. et al. Radiofrequency ablation for low-grade dysplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus: long-term outcome of a randomized trial. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020; 92: 569-574
• 424 Pech O, Bollschweiler E, Manner H. et al. Comparison Between Endoscopic and Surgical Resection of Mucosal Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs Esophagus At Two High-Volume Centers. Annals of Surgery 2011; 254: 67-72
• 425 Prasad GA, Wu TT, Wigle DA. et al. Endoscopic and Surgical Treatment of Mucosal (T1a) Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs Esophagus. Gastroenterology 2009; 137: 815-823
• 426 Pech O, May A, Manner H. et al. Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Resection for Patients With Mucosal Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus. Gastroenterology 2014; 146: 652-660.e1
• 427 Phoa KN, Pouw RE, Bisschops R. et al. Multimodality endoscopic eradication for neoplastic Barrett oesophagus: results of an European multicentre study (EURO-II). Gut 2015; 65: 555-562
• 428 Pouw RE, Beyna T, Belghazi K. et al. A prospective multicenter study using a new multiband mucosectomy device for endoscopic resection of early neoplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2018; 88: 647-654
• 429 Weusten B, Bisschops R, Coron E. et al. Endoscopic management of Barrettʼs esophagus: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement. Endoscopy 2017; 49: 191-198
• 430 Probst A, Aust D, Märkl B. et al. Early esophageal cancer in Europe: endoscopic treatment by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopy 2014; 47: 113-121
• 431 Wu J, Pan Y-m, Wang T-t. et al. Endotherapy versus surgery for early neoplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus: a meta-analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2014; 79: 233-241.e2
• 432 Ell C, May A, Gossner L. et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection of early cancer and high-grade dysplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 670-677
• 433 Ell C, May A, Pech O. et al. Curative endoscopic resection of early esophageal adenocarcinomas (Barrettʼs cancer). Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2007; 65: 3-10
• 434 Pech O, Behrens A, May A. et al. Long-term results and risk factor analysis for recurrence after curative endoscopic therapy in 349 patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and mucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs oesophagus. Gut 2008; 57: 1200-1206
• 435 Chennat J, Konda VJA, Ross AS. et al. Complete Barrettʼs Eradication Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: An Effective Treatment Modality for High-Grade Dysplasia and Intramucosal Carcinoma—An American Single-Center Experience. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009; 104: 2684-2692
• 436 Moss A, Bourke MJ, Hourigan LF. et al. Endoscopic Resection for Barrettʼs High-Grade Dysplasia and Early Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: An Essential Staging Procedure With Long-Term Therapeutic Benefit. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010; 105: 1276-1283
• 437 Pouw RE, Wirths K, Eisendrath P. et al. Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined With Endoscopic Resection for Barrettʼs Esophagus With Early Neoplasia. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2010; 8: 23-29
• 438 van Vilsteren FGI, Pouw RE, Seewald S. et al. Stepwise radical endoscopic resection versus radiofrequency ablation for Barrettʼs oesophagus with high-grade dysplasia or early cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Gut 2011; 60: 765-773
• 439 Manner H, May A, Pech O. et al. Early Barrettʼs Carcinoma With “Low-Risk” Submucosal Invasion: Long-Term Results of Endoscopic Resection With a Curative Intent. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2008; 103: 2589-2597
• 440 Manner H, Pech O, Heldmann Y. et al. Efficacy, Safety, and Long-term Results of Endoscopic Treatment for Early Stage Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus With Low-risk sm1 Invasion. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2013; 11: 630-635
• 441 Alvarez Herrero L, Pouw R, van Vilsteren F. et al. Risk of lymph node metastasis associated with deeper invasion by early adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and cardia: study based on endoscopic resection specimens. Endoscopy 2010; 42: 1030-1036
• 442 Terheggen G, Horn EM, Vieth M. et al. A randomised trial of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for early Barrettʼs neoplasia. Gut 2016; 66: 783-793
• 443 Qumseya BJ, Bartel MJ, Gendy S. et al. High rate of over-staging of Barrettʼs neoplasia with endoscopic ultrasound: Systemic review and meta-analysis. Digestive and Liver Disease 2018; 50: 438-445
• 444 Bartel MJ, Wallace TM, Gomez-Esquivel RD. et al. Role of EUS in patients with suspected Barrettʼs esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or early esophageal adenocarcinoma: impact on endoscopic therapy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017; 86: 292-298
• 445 Qumseya BJ, Brown J, Abraham M. et al. Diagnostic performance of EUS in predicting advanced cancer among patients with Barrettʼs esophagus and high-grade dysplasia/early adenocarcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015; 81: 865-874.e2
• 446 Bergeron EJ, Lin J, Chang AC. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound is inadequate to determine which T1 / T2 esophageal tumors are candidates for endoluminal therapies. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014; 147: 765-773
• 447 Wolfsen HC, Crook JE, Krishna M. et al. Prospective, Controlled Tandem Endoscopy Study of Narrow Band Imaging for Dysplasia Detection in Barrettʼs Esophagus. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 24-31
• 448 Behrens A, Pech O, Wuthnow E. et al. Detektion von frühen Neoplasien im Barrett-Ösophagus: Ein Plädoyer für die Wertigkeit der Indexendoskopie und 4-Quadranten-Biopsien im Short-Segment-Barrett-Ösophagus. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 2015; 53: 568-572
• 449 Schölvinck D, van der Meulen K, Bergman J. et al. Detection of lesions in dysplastic Barrettʼs esophagus by community and expert endoscopists. Endoscopy 2016; 49: 113-120
• 450 Bennett C, Vakil N, Bergman J. et al. Consensus Statements for Management of Barrettʼs Dysplasia and Early-Stage Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, Based on a Delphi Process. Gastroenterology 2012; 143: 336-346
• 451 Pouw RE, Heldoorn N, Herrero LA. et al. Do we still need EUS in the workup of patients with early esophageal neoplasia? A retrospective analysis of 131 cases. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2011; 73: 662-668
• 452 Shaheen NJ, Sharma P, Overholt BF. et al. Radiofrequency Ablation in Barrettʼs Esophagus with Dysplasia. New England Journal of Medicine 2009; 360: 2277-2288
• 453 Shaheen NJ, Overholt BF, Sampliner RE. et al. Durability of Radiofrequency Ablation in Barrettʼs Esophagus With Dysplasia. Gastroenterology 2011; 141: 460-468
• 454 Pouw RE, Seewald S, Gondrie JJ. et al. Stepwise radical endoscopic resection for eradication of Barrettʼs oesophagus with early neoplasia in a cohort of 169 patients. Gut 2010; 59: 1169-1177
• 455 Orman ES, Li N, Shaheen NJ. Efficacy and Durability of Radiofrequency Ablation for Barrettʼs Esophagus: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2013; 11: 1245-1255
• 456 Manner H, May A, Kouti I. et al. Efficacy and safety of Hybrid-APC for the ablation of Barrettʼs esophagus. Surgical Endoscopy 2015; 30: 1364-1370
• 457 Peerally MF, Bhandari P, Ragunath K. et al. Radiofrequency ablation compared with argon plasma coagulation after endoscopic resection of high-grade dysplasia or stage T1 adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs esophagus: a randomized pilot study (BRIDE). Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2019; 89: 680-689
• 458 Alzoubaidi D, Hussein M, Sehgal V. et al. Cryoballoon ablation for treatment of patients with refractory esophageal neoplasia after first line endoscopic eradication therapy. Endoscopy International Open 2020; 08: E891-E899
• 459 Westerveld DR, Nguyen K, Banerjee D. et al. Safety and effectiveness of balloon cryoablation for treatment of Barrettʼs associated neoplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy International Open 2020; 08: E172-E178
• 460 van Munster SN, Overwater A, Raicu MGM. et al. A novel cryoballoon ablation system for eradication of dysplastic Barrettʼs esophagus: a first-in-human feasibility study. Endoscopy 2020; 52: 193-201
• 461 Nasr AO, Dillon MF, Conlon S. et al. Acid suppression increases rates of Barrettʼs esophagus and esophageal injury in the presence of duodenal reflux. Surgery 2012; 151: 382-390
• 462 Desai M, Saligram S, Gupta N. et al. Efficacy and safety outcomes of multimodal endoscopic eradication therapy in Barrettʼs esophagus-related neoplasia: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017; 85: 482-495.e4
• 463 Sawas T, Alsawas M, Bazerbachi F. et al. Persistent intestinal metaplasia after endoscopic eradication therapy of neoplastic Barrettʼs esophagus increases the risk of dysplasia recurrence: meta-analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2019; 89: 913-925.e6
• 464 Guthikonda A, Cotton CC, Madanick RD. et al. Clinical Outcomes Following Recurrence of Intestinal Metaplasia After Successful Treatment of Barrettʼs Esophagus With Radiofrequency Ablation. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112: 87-94
• 465 Krishnamoorthi R, Singh S, Ragunathan K. et al. Risk of recurrence of Barrettʼs esophagus after successful endoscopic therapy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016; 83: 1090-1106.e3
• 466 Cotton CC, Haidry R, Thrift AP. et al. Development of Evidence-Based Surveillance Intervals After Radiofrequency Ablation of Barrettʼs Esophagus. Gastroenterology 2018; 155: 316-326.e6
• 467 Feith M, Stein HJ, Siewert JRd. Pattern of Lymphatic Spread of Barrettʼs Cancer. World Journal of Surgery 2003; 27: 1052-1057
• 468 Schölvinck D, Künzli H, Meijer S. et al. Management of patients with T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study on patient management and risk of metastatic disease. Surgical Endoscopy 2016; 30: 4102-4113
• 469 Graham D, Sever N, Magee C. et al. Risk of lymph node metastases in patients with T1b oesophageal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective single centre experience. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018; 24: 4698-4707
• 470 Sawas T, Iyer PG, Alsawas M. et al. Higher Rate of Barrettʼs Detection in the First Year After Successful Endoscopic Therapy: Meta-analysis. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2018; 113: 959-971
• 471 Cotton CC, Wolf WA, Pasricha S. et al. Recurrent intestinal metaplasia after radiofrequency ablation for Barrettʼs esophagus: endoscopic findings and anatomic location. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015; 81: 1362-1369
• 472 Fujii-Lau L, Cinnor B, Shaheen N. et al. Recurrence of intestinal metaplasia and early neoplasia after endoscopic eradication therapy for Barrettʼs esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy International Open 2017; 05: E430-E449
• 473 Tan MC, Kanthasamy KA, Yeh AG. et al. Factors Associated With Recurrence of Barrettʼs Esophagus After Radiofrequency Ablation. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2019; 17: 65-72.e5
• 474 OʼByrne LM, Witherspoon J, Verhage RJJ. et al. Barrettʼs Registry Collaboration of academic centers in Ireland reveals high progression rate of low-grade dysplasia and low risk from nondysplastic Barrettʼs esophagus: report of the RIBBON network. Diseases of the Esophagus 2020; 33: doaa009
• 475 Allen JE, Desai M, Roumans CAM. et al. Low Risk of Progression of Barrettʼs Esophagus to Neoplasia in Women. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2020; 55: 321-326
• 476 Parasa S, Vennalaganti S, Gaddam S. et al. Development and Validation of a Model to Determine Risk of Progression of Barrettʼs Esophagus to Neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2018; 154: 1282-1289.e2
• 477 van Sandick JW, van Lanschot JJB, Kuiken BW. et al. Impact of endoscopic biopsy surveillance of Barrettʼs oesophagus on pathological stage and clinical outcome of Barrettʼs carcinoma. Gut 1998; 43: 216-222
• 478 Streitz JM, Andrews CW, Ellis FH. Endoscopic surveillance of Barrettʼs esophagus. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1993; 105: 383-388
• 479 Fitzgerald RC, Saeed IT, Khoo D. et al. Rigorous surveillance protocol increases detection of curable cancers associated with Barrettʼs esophagus. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46: 1892-1898
• 480 Wright TA, Gray MR, Morris AI. et al. Cost effectiveness of detecting Barrettʼs cancer. Gut 1996; 39: 574-579
• 481 Corley DA, Levin TR, Habel LA. et al. Surveillance and survival in Barrettʼs adenocarcinomas: A population-based study. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 633-640
• 482 Streitz JM, Ellis HF, Tilden RL. et al. Endoscopic Surveillance of Barrettʼs Esophagus: A Cost-Effectiveness Comparison With Mammographic Surveillance for Breast Cancer. American Journal of Gastroenterology 1998; 93: 911-915
• 483 Wright TA. High-grade dysplasia in Barrettʼs oesophagus. British Journal of Surgery 1997; 84: 760-766
• 484 Weston AP, Sharma P, Topalovski M. et al. Long-term follow-up of Barrettʼs high-grade dysplasia. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2000; 95: 1888-1893
• 485 Schnell TG, Sontag SJ, Chejfec G. et al. Long-term nonsurgical management of Barrettʼs esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1607-1619
• 486 Furuta GT, Liacouras CA, Collins MH. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 1342-1363
• 487 Liacouras CA, Furuta GT, Hirano I. et al Eosinophilic esophagitis: updated consensus recommendations for children and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128: 3-20.e6 ; quiz 21-2.
• 488 Papadopoulou A, Koletzko S, Heuschkel R. et al. Management guidelines of eosinophilic esophagitis in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58: 107-118
• 489 Dellon ES, Gonsalves N, Hirano I. et al ACG clinical guideline: Evidenced based approach to the diagnosis and management of esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108: 679-692 ; quiz 693
• 490 Lucendo AJ, Molina Infante J, Arias Á. et al. Guidelines on eosinophilic esophagitis: evidence‐based statements and recommendations for diagnosis and management in children and adults. United European Gastroenterology Journal 2017; 5: 335-358
• 491 Dellon ES, Liacouras CA, Molina-Infante J. et al. Updated International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Proceedings of the AGREE Conference. Gastroenterology 2018; 155: 1022-1033.e10
• 492 Molina-Infante J, Bredenoord AJ, Cheng E. et al. Proton pump inhibitor-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia: an entity challenging current diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut 2016; 65: 524-531
• 493 Katzka DA. The complex relationship between eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis 2014; 32: 93-97
• 494 van Rhijn BD, Weijenborg PW, Verheij J. et al. Proton pump inhibitors partially restore mucosal integrity in patients with proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia but not eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12: 1815-1823.e2
• 495 Krarup AL, Villadsen GE, Mejlgaard E. et al. Acid hypersensitivity in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 273-281
• 496 van Rhijn BD, Oors JM, Smout AJ. et al. Prevalence of esophageal motility abnormalities increases with longer disease duration in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26: 1349-1355
• 497 Cheng E, Souza RF, Spechler SJ. Eosinophilic esophagitis: interactions with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology clinics of North America 2014; 43: 243-256
• 498 Attwood SE, Smyrk TC, Demeester TR. et al. Esophageal eosinophilia with dysphagia. A distinct clinicopathologic syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 109-116
• 499 Straumann A, Spichtin HP, Bernoulli R. et al. [Idiopathic eosinophilic esophagitis: a frequently overlooked disease with typical clinical aspects and discrete endoscopic findings]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1994; 124: 1419-1429
• 500 Dellon ES, Hirano I. Epidemiology and Natural History of Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2018; 154: 319-332.e3
• 501 Giriens B, Yan P, Safroneeva E. et al. Escalating incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis in Canton of Vaud, Switzerland, 1993-2013: a population-based study. Allergy 2015; 70: 1633-1639
• 502 Dellon ES, Erichsen R, Baron JA. et al. The increasing incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis outpaces changes in endoscopic and biopsy practice: national population-based estimates from Denmark. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 41: 662-670
• 503 Warners MJ, de Rooij W, van Rhijn BD. et al. Incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the Netherlands continues to rise: 20-year results from a nationwide pathology database. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30
• 504 Navarro P, Arias Á, Arias-González L. et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the growing incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults in population-based studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49: 1116-1125
• 505 Ronkainen J, Talley NJ, Aro P. et al. Prevalence of oesophageal eosinophils and eosinophilic oesophagitis in adults: the population-based Kalixanda study. Gut 2007; 56: 615-620
• 506 Veerappan GR, Perry JL, Duncan TJ. et al Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in an adult population undergoing upper endoscopy: a prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7: 420-426 , 426.e1-2
• 507 Sealock RJ, Kramer JR, Verstovsek G. et al. The prevalence of oesophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic oesophagitis: a prospective study in unselected patients presenting to endoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37: 825-832
• 508 Prasad GA, Talley NJ, Romero Y. et al. Prevalence and predictive factors of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients presenting with dysphagia: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 2627-2632
• 509 Hiremath GS, Hameed F, Pacheco A. et al. Esophageal Food Impaction and Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Retrospective Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60: 3181-3193
• 510 Sengupta N, Tapper EB, Corban C. et al. The clinical predictors of aetiology and complications among 173 patients presenting to the Emergency Department with oesophageal food bolus impaction from 2004-2014. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42: 91-98
• 511 Heerasing N, Lee SY, Alexander S. et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in adults presenting with oesophageal food bolus obstruction. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2015; 6: 244-247
• 512 Gretarsdottir HM, Jonasson JG, Björnsson ES. Etiology and management of esophageal food impaction: a population based study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015; 50: 513-518
• 513 Truskaite K, Dlugosz A. Prevalence of Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Lymphocytic Esophagitis in Adults with Esophageal Food Bolus Impaction. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016: 9303858
• 514 Ettyreddy AR, Sink JR, Georg MW. et al. Association between Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Esophageal Food Impaction in the Pediatric Population. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159: 750-754
• 515 Dellon ES, Jensen ET, Martin CF. et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12: 589-596.e1
• 516 Hill DA, Grundmeier RW, Ramos M. et al. Eosinophilic Esophagitis Is a Late Manifestation of the Allergic March. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 6: 1528-1533
• 517 González-Cervera J, Arias Á, Redondo-González O. et al. Association between atopic manifestations and eosinophilic esophagitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 118: 582-590.e2
• 518 Simon D, Cianferoni A, Spergel JM. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by a non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity. Allergy 2016; 71: 611-620
• 519 Kottyan LC, Parameswaran S, Weirauch MT. et al. The genetic etiology of eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145: 9-15
• 520 Sánchez-García S, Rodríguez Del Río P, Escudero C. et al. Possible eosinophilic esophagitis induced by milk oral immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129: 1155-1157
• 521 Miehlke S, Alpan O, Schröder S. et al. Induction of eosinophilic esophagitis by sublingual pollen immunotherapy. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2013; 7: 363-368
• 522 Lucendo AJ, Arias A, Tenias JM. Relation between eosinophilic esophagitis and oral immunotherapy for food allergy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113: 624-629
• 523 Bégin P, Chan ES, Kim H. et al. CSACI guidelines for the ethical, evidence-based and patient-oriented clinical practice of oral immunotherapy in IgE-mediated food allergy. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology 2020; 16: 20
• 524 Alexander ES, Martin LJ, Collins MH. et al. Twin and family studies reveal strong environmental and weaker genetic cues explaining heritability of eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134: 1084-1092.e1
• 525 Allen-Brady K, Firszt R, Fang JC. et al. Population-based familial aggregation of eosinophilic esophagitis suggests a genetic contribution. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140: 1138-1143
• 526 Martin LJ, He H, Collins MH. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) genetic susceptibility is mediated by synergistic interactions between EoE-specific and general atopic disease loci. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141: 1690-1698
• 527 Straumann A, Spichtin HP, Grize L. et al. Natural history of primary eosinophilic esophagitis: a follow-up of 30 adult patients for up to 11.5 years. Gastroenterology 2003; 125: 1660-1669
• 528 Schoepfer AM, Safroneeva E, Bussmann C. et al. Delay in diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis increases risk for stricture formation in a time-dependent manner. Gastroenterology 2013; 145: 1230-1236.e1-2
• 529 Warners MJ, Oude Nijhuis RAB, de Wijkerslooth LRH. et al. The natural course of eosinophilic esophagitis and long-term consequences of undiagnosed disease in a large cohort. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113: 836-844
• 530 Dellon ES, Kim HP, Sperry SL. et al. A phenotypic analysis shows that eosinophilic esophagitis is a progressive fibrostenotic disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 79: 577-585.e4
• 531 Lipka S, Kumar A, Richter JE. Impact of Diagnostic Delay and Other Risk Factors on Eosinophilic Esophagitis Phenotype and Esophageal Diameter. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50: 134-140
• 532 Straumann A, Conus S, Degen L. et al. Long-term budesonide maintenance treatment is partially effective for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 400-409.e1
• 533 Dellon ES, Woosley JT, Arrington A. et al. Rapid Recurrence of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity After Successful Treatment in the Observation Phase of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18: 1483-1492.e2
• 534 Straumann A, Lucendo AJ, Miehlke S. et al. Budesonide Orodispersible Tablets Maintain Remission in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 159: 1672-1685.e5
• 535 Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Beausoleil JL. et al. 14 years of eosinophilic esophagitis: clinical features and prognosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 48: 30-36
• 536 DeBrosse CW, Franciosi JP, King EC. et al. Long-term outcomes in pediatric-onset esophageal eosinophilia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128: 132-138
• 537 Bohm M, Jacobs Jr JW, Gupta A. et al. Most children with eosinophilic esophagitis have a favorable outcome as young adults. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30: 1-6
• 538 Miehlke S. Clinical features of Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 29: 739-748
• 539 Dellon ES, Gibbs WB, Fritchie KJ. et al Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings distinguish eosinophilic esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7: 1305-1313 ; quiz 1261
• 540 Croese J, Fairley SK, Masson JW. et al. Clinical and endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 58: 516-522
• 541 Shaheen NJ, Mukkada V, Eichinger CS. et al. Natural history of eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review of epidemiology and disease course. Dis Esophagus 2018; 31
• 542 Muir AB, Brown-Whitehorn T, Godwin B. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: early diagnosis is the key. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019; 12: 391-399
• 543 Alexander R, Alexander JA, Ravi K. et al. Measurement of Observed Eating Behaviors in Patients With Active and Inactive Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17: 2371-2373
• 544 Biedermann L, Holbreich M, Atkins D. et al. Food-induced immediate response of the esophagus-A newly identified syndrome in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy 2021; 76: 339-347
• 545 Taft TH, Guadagnoli L, Edlynn E. Anxiety and Depression in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Future Research. J Asthma Allergy 2019; 12: 389-399
• 546 Klinnert MD, Silveira L, Harris R. et al. Health-related quality of life over time in children with eosinophilic esophagitis and their families. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 59: 308-316
• 547 Harris RF, Menard-Katcher C, Atkins D. et al. Psychosocial dysfunction in children and adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57: 500-505
• 548 Lucendo AJ, Arias-González L, Molina-Infante J. et al. Determinant factors of quality of life in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 6: 38-45
• 549 Mukkada V, Falk GW, Eichinger CS. et al. Health-Related Quality of Life and Costs Associated With Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Systematic Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16: 495-503.e8
• 550 Leigh LY, Spergel JM. An in-depth characterization of a large cohort of adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 122: 65-72.e1
• 551 Lucendo A, Sánchez-Cazalilla M, Molina-Infante J. et al. Transcultural adaptation and validation of the “Adult Eosinophilic Esophagitis Quality of Life Questionnaire” into Spanish. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas: organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva 2014; 106: 386-394
• 552 Chehade M, Jones SM, Pesek RD. et al. Phenotypic Characterization of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Large Multicenter Patient Population from the Consortium for Food Allergy Research. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018; 6: 1534-1544.e5
• 553 Straumann A, Aceves SS, Blanchard C. et al. Pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis: similarities and differences. Allergy 2012; 67: 477-490
• 554 Straumann A, Rossi L, Simon HU. et al. Fragility of the esophageal mucosa: a pathognomonic endoscopic sign of primary eosinophilic esophagitis?. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 57: 407-412
• 555 Moawad FJ, Robinson CL, Veerappan GR. et al. The tug sign: an endoscopic feature of eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108: 1938-1939
• 556 Sgouros SN, Bergele C, Mantides A. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 18: 211-217
• 557 Liacouras CA, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: a 10-year experience in 381 children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3: 1198-1206
• 558 Kim HP, Vance RB, Shaheen NJ. et al. The prevalence and diagnostic utility of endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10: 988-996.e5
• 559 Hirano I, Moy N, Heckman MG. et al. Endoscopic assessment of the oesophageal features of eosinophilic oesophagitis: validation of a novel classification and grading system. Gut 2013; 62: 489-495
• 560 Dellon ES, Cotton CC, Gebhart JH. et al. Accuracy of the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Endoscopic Reference Score in Diagnosis and Determining Response to Treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14: 31-39
• 561 van Rhijn BD, Warners MJ, Curvers WL. et al. Evaluating the endoscopic reference score for eosinophilic esophagitis: moderate to substantial intra- and interobserver reliability. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 1049-1055
• 562 van Rhijn BD, Verheij J, Smout AJ. et al. The Endoscopic Reference Score shows modest accuracy to predict histologic remission in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28: 1714-1722
• 563 Wechsler JB, Bolton SM, Amsden K. et al. Eosinophilic Esophagitis Reference Score Accurately Identifies Disease Activity and Treatment Effects in Children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16: 1056-1063
• 564 Rodríguez-Sánchez J, Barrio-Andrés J, Nantes Castillejo O. et al. The Endoscopic Reference Score shows modest accuracy to predict either clinical or histological activity in adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45: 300-309
• 565 Dellon ES, Katzka DA, Collins MH. et al. Safety and Efficacy of Budesonide Oral Suspension Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17: 666-673.e8
• 566 Dellon ES, Woosley JT, Arrington A. et al. Efficacy of Budesonide vs Fluticasone for Initial Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Gastroenterology 2019; 157: 65-73.e5
• 567 Lucendo AJ, Miehlke S, Schlag C. et al. Efficacy of Budesonide Orodispersible Tablets as Induction Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Gastroenterology 2019; 157: 74-86.e15
• 568 Hirano I, Safroneeva E, Roumet MC. et al. Randomised clinical trial: the safety and tolerability of fluticasone propionate orally disintegrating tablets versus placebo for eosinophilic oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2020; 51: 750-759
• 569 Andreae DA, Hanna MG, Magid MS. et al. Swallowed Fluticasone Propionate Is an Effective Long-Term Maintenance Therapy for Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111: 1187-1197
• 570 Oliva S, Rossetti D, Papoff P. et al. A New Formulation of Oral Viscous Budesonide in Treating Paediatric Eosinophilic Oesophagitis: A Pilot Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: 218-224
• 571 Oliva S, Rossetti D, Papoff P. et al. A 12-Week Maintenance Therapy with a New Prepared Viscous Budesonide in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64: 1571-1578
• 572 Reed CC, Fan C, Koutlas NT. et al. Food elimination diets are effective for long-term treatment of adults with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46: 836-844
• 573 Molina-Infante J, Arias Á, Alcedo J. et al. Step-up empiric elimination diet for pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis: The 2-4-6 study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141: 1365-1372
• 574 Hirano I, Collins MH, Assouline-Dayan Y. et al. RPC4046, a Monoclonal Antibody Against IL13, Reduces Histologic and Endoscopic Activity in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156: 592-603.e10
• 575 Hirano I, Dellon ES, Hamilton JD. et al. Efficacy of Dupilumab in a Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Adults With Active Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158: 111-122.e10
• 576 Schoepfer AM, Hirano I, Coslovsky M. et al. Variation in Endoscopic Activity Assessment and Endoscopy Score Validation in Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17: 1477-1488.e10
• 577 Gonsalves N, Policarpio-Nicolas M, Zhang Q. et al. Histopathologic variability and endoscopic correlates in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64: 313-319
• 578 Shah A, Kagalwalla AF, Gonsalves N. et al. Histopathologic variability in children with eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104: 716-721
• 579 Peery AF, Cao H, Dominik R. et al. Variable reliability of endoscopic findings with white-light and narrow-band imaging for patients with suspected eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 475-480
• 580 Dellon ES, Speck O, Woodward K. et al. The Patchy Nature of Esophageal Eosinophilia in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Insights From Pathology Samples From a Clinical Trial. Gastroenterology 2012; 142: S432
• 581 Saffari H, Peterson KA, Fang JC. et al. Patchy eosinophil distributions in an esophagectomy specimen from a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis: Implications for endoscopic biopsy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130: 798-800
• 582 Salek J, Clayton F, Vinson L. et al. Endoscopic appearance and location dictate diagnostic yield of biopsies in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 41: 1288-1295
• 583 Nielsen JA, Lager DJ, Lewin M. et al. The optimal number of biopsy fragments to establish a morphologic diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109: 515-520
• 584 Krarup AL, Drewes AM, Ejstrud P. et al. Implementation of a biopsy protocol to improve detection of esophageal eosinophilia: a Danish registry-based study. Endoscopy 2021; 53: 15-24
• 585 Lim JR, Gupta SK, Croffie JM. et al. White specks in the esophageal mucosa: An endoscopic manifestation of non-reflux eosinophilic esophagitis in children. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 59: 835-838
• 586 Gupta SK, Fitzgerald JF, Chong SK. et al. Vertical lines in distal esophageal mucosa (VLEM): a true endoscopic manifestation of esophagitis in children?. Gastrointest Endosc 1997; 45: 485-489
• 587 Kaur S, Rosen JM, Kriegermeier AA. et al. Utility of Gastric and Duodenal Biopsies During Follow-up Endoscopy in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 65: 399-403
• 588 Dellon ES, Speck O, Woodward K. et al. Clinical and endoscopic characteristics do not reliably differentiate PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis in patients undergoing upper endoscopy: a prospective cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108: 1854-1860
• 589 de Rooij WE, Haasnoot ML, Lei A. et al. Utility of gastric and duodenal biopsy sampling in adult eosinophilic esophagitis patients to rule out other gastrointestinal disorders. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56: 613-620
• 590 Dellon ES, Aderoju A, Woosley JT. et al. Variability in diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 2300-2313
• 591 Peery AF, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. Practice patterns for the evaluation and treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1373-1382
• 592 Sperry SL, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. Toward uniformity in the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE): the effect of guidelines on variability of diagnostic criteria for EoE. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106: 824-832 ; quiz 833
• 593 Mueller S, Neureiter D, Aigner T. et al. Comparison of histological parameters for the diagnosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis versus gastro-oesophageal reflux disease on oesophageal biopsy material. Histopathology 2008; 53: 676-684
• 594 Dellon ES, Speck O, Woodward K. et al. Distribution and variability of esophageal eosinophilia in patients undergoing upper endoscopy. Mod Pathol 2015; 28: 383-390
• 595 Collins MH. Histopathologic features of eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2014; 43: 257-268
• 596 Collins MH, Martin LJ, Alexander ES. et al. Newly developed and validated eosinophilic esophagitis histology scoring system and evidence that it outperforms peak eosinophil count for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30: 1-8
• 597 Warners MJ, Hindryckx P, Levesque BG. et al. Systematic Review: Disease Activity Indices in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112: 1658-1669
• 598 Hirano I, Collins MH, Katzka DA. et al. Budesonide Oral Suspension Improves Outcomes in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Results from a Phase 3 Trial. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2021; 20: 525-534.e10
• 599 Konikoff MR, Blanchard C, Kirby C. et al. Potential of blood eosinophils, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, and eotaxin-3 as biomarkers of eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4: 1328-1336
• 600 Straumann A, Conus S, Degen L. et al. Budesonide Is Effective in Adolescent and Adult Patients With Active Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 1526-1537.e1
• 601 Rodríguez-Sánchez J, Gómez-Torrijos E, de-la-Santa-Belda E. et al. Effectiveness of serological markers of eosinophil activity in monitoring eosinophilic esophagitis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2013; 105: 462-467
• 602 Schlag C, Miehlke S, Heiseke A. et al. Peripheral blood eosinophils and other non-invasive biomarkers can monitor treatment response in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42: 1122-1130
• 603 Min SB, Nylund CM, Baker TP. et al. Longitudinal Evaluation of Noninvasive Biomarkers for Eosinophilic Esophagitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 51: 127-135
• 604 Rao GS, Mitchell L, Ohnuki L. et al. Can Eosinophil Derived Neurotoxin (EDN) Act As a Surrogate Marker of Disease Activity in Children with Allergic Eosinophilic Esophagitis (AEE)?. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2004; 59: P103
• 605 Leung J, Nguyen-Traxler A, Lee EM. et al. Assessment of fractionated exhaled nitric oxide as a biomarker for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy and asthma proceedings 2012; 33: 519-524
• 606 Dellon ES, Rusin S, Gebhart JH. et al. Utility of a Noninvasive Serum Biomarker Panel for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Prospective Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 821-827
• 607 Hines BT, Rank MA, Wright BL. et al. Minimally invasive biomarker studies in eosinophilic esophagitis: A systematic review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121: 218-228
• 608 Furuta GT, Kagalwalla AF, Lee JJ. et al. The oesophageal string test: a novel, minimally invasive method measures mucosal inflammation in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut 2013; 62: 1395-1405
• 609 Katzka DA, Geno DM, Ravi A. et al. Accuracy, safety, and tolerability of tissue collection by Cytosponge vs endoscopy for evaluation of eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13: 77-83.e2
• 610 Gonsalves N, Yang GY, Doerfler B. et al. Elimination Diet Effectively Treats Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults; Food Reintroduction Identifies Causative Factors. Gastroenterology 2012; 142: 1451-1459.e1
• 611 Lucendo AJ, Arias Á, González-Cervera J. et al. Empiric 6-food elimination diet induced and maintained prolonged remission in patients with adult eosinophilic esophagitis: A prospective study on the food cause of the disease. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013; 131: 797-804
• 612 Eckmann JD, Ravi K, Katzka DA. et al. Efficacy of Atopy Patch Testing in Directed Dietary Therapy of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Pilot Study. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63: 694-702
• 613 Philpott H, Nandurkar S, Royce SG. et al. Allergy tests do not predict food triggers in adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis. A comprehensive prospective study using five modalities. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44: 223-233
• 614 Hirano I, Chan ES, Rank MA. et al. AGA Institute and the Joint Task Force on Allergy-Immunology Practice Parameters Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158: 1776-1786
• 615 Straumann A, Katzka DA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2018; 154: 346-359
• 616 Konikoff MR, Noel RJ, Blanchard C. et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fluticasone Propionate for Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2006; 131: 1381-1391
• 617 Dohil R, Newbury R, Fox L. et al. Oral Viscous Budesonide Is Effective in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 418-429.e1
• 618 Alexander JA, Jung KW, Arora AS. et al. Swallowed Fluticasone Improves Histologic but Not Symptomatic Response of Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012; 10: 742-749.e1
• 619 Butz BK, Wen T, Gleich GJ. et al. Efficacy, Dose Reduction, and Resistance to High-Dose Fluticasone in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2014; 147: 324-333.e5
• 620 Gupta SK, Vitanza JM, Collins MH. Efficacy and Safety of Oral Budesonide Suspension in Pediatric Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2015; 13: 66-76.e3
• 621 Miehlke S, Hruz P, Vieth M. et al. A randomised, double-blind trial comparing budesonide formulations and dosages for short-term treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut 2015; 65: 390-399
• 622 Dellon ES, Katzka DA, Collins MH. et al. Budesonide Oral Suspension Improves Symptomatic, Endoscopic, and Histologic Parameters Compared With Placebo in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 776-786.e5
• 623 Schaefer ET, Fitzgerald JF, Molleston JP. et al. Comparison of Oral Prednisone and Topical Fluticasone in the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Randomized Trial in Children. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2008; 6: 165-173
• 624 Peterson KA, Thomas KL, Hilden K. et al. Comparison of Esomeprazole to Aerosolized, Swallowed Fluticasone for Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2010; 55: 1313-1319
• 625 Moawad FJ, Veerappan GR, Dias JA. et al. Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Aerosolized Swallowed Fluticasone to Esomeprazole for Esophageal Eosinophilia. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2013; 108: 366-372
• 626 Dellon ES, Sheikh A, Speck O. et al. Viscous Topical Is More Effective Than Nebulized Steroid Therapy for Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2012; 143: 321-324.e1
• 627 Chuang M-y, Chinnaratha MA, Hancock DG. et al. Topical Steroid Therapy for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology 2015; 6: e82
• 628 Tan ND, Xiao YL, Chen MH. Steroids therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Digestive Diseases 2015; 16: 431-442
• 629 Lipka S, Kumar A, Miladinovic B. et al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative effectiveness of topical steroids vs. PPIs for the treatment of the spectrum of eosinophilic oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2016; 43: 663-673
• 630 Murali AR, Gupta A, Attar BM. et al. Topical steroids in eosinophilic esophagitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2016; 31: 1111-1119
• 631 Rokkas T, Niv Y, Malfertheiner P. A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults and Children. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2020; 55: 400-410
• 632 de Heer J, Miehlke S, Rösch T. et al. Histologic and Clinical Effects of Different Topical Corticosteroids for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Lessons from an Updated Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trials. Digestion 2020; 102: 377-385
• 633 Miehlke S, Lucendo AJ, Straumann A. et al. Orodispersible budesonide tablets for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: a review of the latest evidence. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 2020; 13
• 634 Miehlke S, Schlag C, Lucendo AJ. et al. Budesonide orodispersible tablets for induction of remission in patients with active eosinophilic oesophagitis: A 6-week open-label trial of the EOS-2 Programme. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10: 330-343
• 635 Schlag C, Miehlke S, Lucendo A. et al. Mo1129 – Efficacy of Budesonide Orodispersible Tablets for Induction of Remission in Patients with Active Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Results from the 6-Weeks Open-Label Treatment Phase of Eos-2 Trial. Gastroenterology 2019; 156: S-715
• 636 Lucendo AJ, Arias Á, Molina-Infante J. Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitor Drugs for Inducing Clinical and Histologic Remission in Patients With Symptomatic Esophageal Eosinophilia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2016; 14: 13-22.e1
• 637 Gómez-Torrijos E, García-Rodríguez R, Castro-Jiménez A. et al. The efficacy of step-down therapy in adult patients with proton pump inhibitor-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2016; 43: 534-540
• 638 Laserna-Mendieta EJ, Casabona S, Guagnozzi D. et al. Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor therapy for eosinophilic oesophagitis in 630 patients: results from the EoE connect registry. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2020; 52: 798-807
• 639 Alexander R, Alexander JA, Akambase J. et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Predictors of Nonresponse. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2020; 66: 3096-3104
• 640 Kagalwalla AF, Shah A, Li BUK. et al. Identification of Specific Foods Responsible for Inflammation in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis Successfully Treated With Empiric Elimination Diet. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition 2011; 53: 145-149
• 641 Kagalwalla AF, Sentongo TA, Ritz S. et al. Effect of Six-Food Elimination Diet on Clinical and Histologic Outcomes in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2006; 4: 1097-1102
• 642 Arias Á, González-Cervera J, Tenias JM. et al. Efficacy of Dietary Interventions for Inducing Histologic Remission in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2014; 146: 1639-1648
• 643 Groetch M, Venter C, Skypala I. et al. Dietary Therapy and Nutrition Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Work Group Report of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 2017; 5: 312-324.e29
• 644 Kuchen T, Straumann A, Safroneeva E. et al. Swallowed topical corticosteroids reduce the risk for long-lasting bolus impactions in eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy 2014; 69: 1248-1254
• 645 Greuter T, Safroneeva E, Bussmann C. et al. Maintenance Treatment Of Eosinophilic Esophagitis With Swallowed Topical Steroids Alters Disease Course Over A 5-Year Follow-up Period In Adult Patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17: 419-428.e6
• 646 Greuter T, Godat A, Ringel A. et al. Effectiveness and Safety of High- vs Low-Dose Swallowed Topical Steroids for Maintenance Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Multicenter Observational Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19: 2514-2523.e2
• 647 Molina-Infante J, Rodriguez-Sanchez J, Martinek J. et al. Long-Term Loss of Response in Proton Pump Inhibitor-Responsive Esophageal Eosinophilia Is Uncommon and Influenced by CYP2C19 Genotype and Rhinoconjunctivitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 1567-1575
• 648 Remedios M, Campbell C, Jones DM. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 63: 3-12
• 649 Safroneeva E, Straumann A, Coslovsky M. et al. Symptoms Have Modest Accuracy in Detecting Endoscopic and Histologic Remission in Adults With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 581-590.e4
• 650 Safroneeva E, Schoepfer AM. Symptom-based patient-reported outcomes in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis: value for treatment monitoring and randomized controlled trial design. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 19: 169-174
• 651 Schoepfer AM, Straumann A, Panczak R. et al. Development and validation of a symptom-based activity index for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2014; 147: 1255-1266.e21
• 652 Dellon ES, Irani AM, Hill MR. et al. Development and field testing of a novel patient-reported outcome measure of dysphagia in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38: 634-642
• 653 Martin LJ, Franciosi JP, Collins MH. et al. Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Scores (PEESS v2.0) identify histologic and molecular correlates of the key clinical features of disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135: 1519-1528.e8
• 654 Taft TH, Kern E, Kwiatek MA. et al. The adult eosinophilic oesophagitis quality of life questionnaire: a new measure of health-related quality of life. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34: 790-798
• 655 Franciosi JP, Hommel KA, Bendo CB. et al. PedsQL eosinophilic esophagitis module: feasibility, reliability, and validity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57: 57-66
• 656 Kwiatek MA, Hirano I, Kahrilas PJ. et al. Mechanical properties of the esophagus in eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 82-90
• 657 Menard-Katcher C, Benitez AJ, Pan Z. et al. Influence of Age and Eosinophilic Esophagitis on Esophageal Distensibility in a Pediatric Cohort. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112: 1466-1473
• 658 Nicodème F, Hirano I, Chen J. et al. Esophageal distensibility as a measure of disease severity in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 1101-1107.e1
• 659 Miehlke S, Schlag C, Storr M. et al. [Eosinophilic Esophagitis Update: New Guidelines of the European Study Group EUREOS]. Z Gastroenterol 2018; 56: 139-150
• 660 Schlag C, Dellon ES, Lucendo AJ. et al. Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der Langzeittherapie der Eosinophilen Ösophagitis mit einer neuen sich im Mund auflösenden Fluticason-Tablette (APT-1011): Ergebnisse einer internationalen randomisierten doppel-blinden Placebo-kontrollierten Phase 2b-Studie. Z Gastroenterol 2020; 58: e129
• 661 Greuter T, Bussmann C, Safroneeva E. et al. Long-Term Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis With Swallowed Topical Corticosteroids: Development and Evaluation of a Therapeutic Concept. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112: 1527-1535
• 662 Gutiérrez-Junquera C, Fernández-Fernández S, Cilleruelo ML. et al. High Prevalence of Response to Proton-pump Inhibitor Treatment in Children With Esophageal Eosinophilia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62: 704-710
• 663 Kagalwalla AF, Wechsler JB, Amsden K. et al. Efficacy of a 4-Food Elimination Diet for Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15: 1698-1707.e7
• 664 Kagalwalla AF, Amsden K, Shah A. et al. Cowʼs milk elimination: a novel dietary approach to treat eosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 55: 711-716
• 665 Wechsler JB, Schwartz S, Arva NC. et al. A Single Food Milk Elimination Diet Is Effective for Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20: 1748-1756.e11
• 666 Chehade M, Sher E. Medical therapy versus dietary avoidance in eosinophilic esophagitis: Which approach is better?. Allergy Asthma Proc 2017; 38: 170-176
• 667 Molina-Infante J, Martin-Noguerol E, Alvarado-Arenas M. et al. Selective elimination diet based on skin testing has suboptimal efficacy for adult eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130: 1200-1202
• 668 Wolf WA, Jerath MR, Sperry SL. et al. Dietary elimination therapy is an effective option for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12: 1272-1279
• 669 Markowitz JE, Spergel JM, Ruchelli E. et al. Elemental diet is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 777-782
• 670 Spergel JM. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults and children: evidence for a food allergy component in many patients. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 7: 274-278
• 671 Henderson CJ, Abonia JP, King EC. et al. Comparative dietary therapy effectiveness in remission of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129: 1570-1578
• 672 Peterson KA, Byrne KR, Vinson LA. et al. Elemental diet induces histologic response in adult eosinophilic esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108: 759-766
• 673 Straumann A, Bussmann C, Zuber M. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: analysis of food impaction and perforation in 251 adolescent and adult patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6: 598-600
• 674 Schoepfer AM, Gonsalves N, Bussmann C. et al. Esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: effectiveness, safety, and impact on the underlying inflammation. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 1062-1070
• 675 Moawad FJ, Cheatham JG, DeZee KJ. Meta-analysis: the safety and efficacy of dilation in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38: 713-720
• 676 Jacobs Jr JW, Spechler SJ. A systematic review of the risk of perforation during esophageal dilation for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55: 1512-1515
• 677 Dougherty M, Runge TM, Eluri S. et al. Esophageal dilation with either bougie or balloon technique as a treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 86: 581-591.e3
• 678 Jung KW, Gundersen N, Kopacova J. et al. Occurrence of and risk factors for complications after endoscopic dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 15-21
• 679 Netzer P, Gschossmann JM, Straumann A. et al. Corticosteroid-dependent eosinophilic oesophagitis: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine can induce and maintain long-term remission. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19: 865-869
• 680 Abonia JP, Blanchard C, Butz BB. et al. Involvement of mast cells in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126: 140-149
• 681 Attwood SE, Lewis CJ, Bronder CS. et al. Eosinophilic oesophagitis: a novel treatment using Montelukast. Gut 2003; 52: 181-185
• 682 Stumphy J, Al-Zubeidi D, Guerin L. et al. Observations on use of montelukast in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis: insights for the future. Dis Esophagus 2011; 24: 229-234
• 683 Lucendo AJ, De Rezende LC, Jiménez-Contreras S. et al. Montelukast was inefficient in maintaining steroid-induced remission in adult eosinophilic esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56: 3551-3558
• 684 Straumann A, Hoesli S, Bussmann C. et al. Anti-eosinophil activity and clinical efficacy of the CRTH2 antagonist OC000459 in eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy 2013; 68: 375-385
• 685 de Rooij WE, Dellon ES, Parker CE. et al. Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: State of the Art Review. Drugs 2019; 79: 1419-1434
• 686 Blanchard C, Stucke EM, Rodriguez-Jimenez B. et al A striking local esophageal cytokine expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127: 208-217 , 217.e1-7.
• 687 Blanchard C, Mingler MK, Vicario M. et al. IL-13 involvement in eosinophilic esophagitis: transcriptome analysis and reversibility with glucocorticoids. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120: 1292-1300
• 688 Dellon ES, Rothenberg ME, Collins MH. et al. Dupilumab Efficacy and Safety in Adult and Adolescent Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Results from Part A of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Three-Part, Phase 3 Study (Abstract). United European Gastroenterology Journal 2020; 8: 1258-1275
• 689 Dellon ES, Collins MH, Rothenberg ME. et al. Long-term Efficacy and Tolerability of RPC4046 in an Open-Label Extension Trial of Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19: 473-483.e17
• 690 Straumann A, Conus S, Grzonka P. et al. Anti-interleukin-5 antibody treatment (mepolizumab) in active eosinophilic oesophagitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Gut 2010; 59: 21-30
• 691 Assaʼad AH, Gupta SK, Collins MH. et al. An antibody against IL-5 reduces numbers of esophageal intraepithelial eosinophils in children with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2011; 141: 1593-1604
• 692 Spergel JM, Rothenberg ME, Collins MH. et al Reslizumab in children and adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129: 456-463 , 463.e1-3.
• 693 Clayton F, Fang JC, Gleich GJ. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults is associated with IgG4 and not mediated by IgE. Gastroenterology 2014; 147: 602-609
• 694 Rothenberg ME, Wen T, Greenberg A. et al. Intravenous anti-IL-13 mAb QAX576 for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135: 500-507
• 695 Straumann A, Bussmann C, Conus S. et al. Anti-TNF-alpha (infliximab) therapy for severe adult eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122: 425-427
• 696 Molina-Infante J, Gonzalez-Cordero PL, Arias A. et al. Update on dietary therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11: 115-123
• 697 Gutiérrez-Junquera C, Fernández-Fernández S, Cilleruelo ML. et al. The Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Management of Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Frontiers in Pediatrics 2018; 6
• 698 Zhang X, Cheng E, Huo X. et al. Omeprazole Blocks STAT6 Binding to the Eotaxin-3 Promoter in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Cells. PLOS ONE 2012; 7: e50037
• 699 Cheng E, Zhang X, Huo X. et al. Omeprazole blocks eotaxin-3 expression by oesophageal squamous cells from patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and GORD. Gut 2013; 62: 824-832
• 700 Park JY, Zhang X, Nguyen N. et al. Proton pump inhibitors decrease eotaxin-3 expression in the proximal esophagus of children with esophageal eosinophilia. PLoS One 2014; 9: e101391
• 701 Shoda T, Matsuda A, Nomura I. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis versus proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia: Transcriptome analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139: 2010-2013.e4
• 702 Wen T, Dellon ES, Moawad FJ. et al. Transcriptome analysis of proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia reveals proton pump inhibitor-reversible allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135: 187-197
• 703 Cañas JA, Tabares A, Barbero C. et al. Proton-pump Inhibitor Response Prediction Using Esophageal microRNAs in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71: 755-763
• 704 Aceves SS, Bastian JF, Newbury RO. et al Oral viscous budesonide: a potential new therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 2271-2279 ; quiz 2280
• 705 Golekoh MC, Hornung LN, Mukkada VA. et al. Adrenal Insufficiency after Chronic Swallowed Glucocorticoid Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis. J Pediatr 2016; 170: 240-245
• 706 Ahmet A, Benchimol EI, Goldbloom EB. et al. Adrenal suppression in children treated with swallowed fluticasone and oral viscous budesonide for eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2016; 12: 49
• 707 Axelsson I, Naumburg E, Prietsch SO. et al. Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 6: Cd010126
• 708 Cianferoni A, Spergel J. Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 50: 159-174
• 709 Bolton SM, Kagalwalla AF, Wechsler JB. Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children: Endoscopic Findings at Diagnosis and Post-intervention. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2018; 20: 4
• 710 Ferreira CT, Vieira MC, Furuta GT. et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis-Where are we today?. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95: 275-281
• 711 Aceves SS, Newbury RO, Chen D. et al. Resolution of remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis correlates with epithelial response to topical corticosteroids. Allergy 2010; 65: 109-116
• 712 Runge TM, Eluri S, Woosley JT. et al. Control of inflammation decreases the need for subsequent esophageal dilation in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30: 1-7
• 713 Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn TF, Cianferoni A. et al. Identification of causative foods in children with eosinophilic esophagitis treated with an elimination diet. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130: 461-467.e5
• 714 Simon D, Straumann A, Simon HU. Eosinophilic esophagitis and allergy. Dig Dis 2014; 32: 30-33
• 715 Mishra A, Hogan SP, Brandt EB. et al. An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis. The Journal of clinical investigation 2001; 107: 83-90
• 716 Cianferoni A, Shuker M, Brown-Whitehorn T. et al. Food avoidance strategies in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49: 269-284
• 717 Gonsalves N. Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 57: 272-285
• 718 Molina-Infante J, Arias A, Barrio J. et al. Four-food group elimination diet for adult eosinophilic esophagitis: A prospective multicenter study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134: 1093-1099.e1
• 719 Furuta GT, Katzka DA. Eosinophilic Esophagitis. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 1640-1648
• 720 Du Toit G, Sayre PH, Roberts G. et al. Effect of Avoidance on Peanut Allergy after Early Peanut Consumption. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: 1435-1443