Abstract
Protein kinases belong to the phosphor-transferases superfamily of enzymes, which
“activate” enzymes via phosphorylation. The kinome of an
organism is the total set of genes in the genome, which encode for all the
protein kinases. Certain mutations in the kinome have been linked to
dysregulation of protein kinases, which in turn can lead to several diseases and
disorders including cancer. In this review, we have briefly discussed the role
of protein kinases in various biochemical processes by categorizing cancer
associated phenotypes and giving their protein kinase examples. Various
techniques have also been discussed, which are being used to analyze the
structure of protein kinases, and associate their roles in the oncogenesis. We
have also discussed protein kinase inhibitors and United States Federal Drug
Administration (USFDA) approved drugs, which target protein kinases and can
serve as a counter to protein kinase dysregulation and mitigate the effects of
oncogenesis. Overall, this review briefs about the importance of protein
kinases, their roles in oncogenesis on dysregulation and how their inhibition
via various drugs can be used to mitigate their effects.
Key words
Kinome - Protein kinases - Kinase oncogenic mutations - Kinase identification - Kinase
inhibitors - Kinase targets in oncology - gene editing - kinome knockout screen