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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sports Med Int Open 2022; 6(02): E69-E79
DOI: 10.1055/a-1964-8538
Review

The Significance of Oral Inflammation in Elite Sports: A Narrative Review

Cordula Leonie Merle 
1   Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
2   Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
,
Jan C. Wuestenfeld 
3   Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany
4   Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
,
Fabian Fenkse
5   Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
,
Bernd Wolfarth 
3   Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany
4   Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
5   Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
,
Rainer Haak 
2   Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
,
Gerhard Schmalz 
2   Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
,
Dirk Ziebolz 
2   Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract

Recently, there has been intense discussion about sports dentistry and potential interactions between oral health and athletes’ performance. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature about oral inflammation in sports. For this purpose, it presents the most common types of oral inflammation (gingivitis, periodontitis, pericoronitis, apical periodontitis), and their prevalence in athletes. Both the impact of oral inflammation on performance and causes for oral inflammation in athletes are discussed by presenting current literature. Finally, international recommendations for dental care in sports are presented. Several studies stated a high prevalence of oral inflammation in athletes, especially of gingivitis (58–97%) and periodontitis (41%). Also, many athletes report oral pain (17–30%) and a negative impact of oral health on training (3–9%). Besides this, a systemic impact of oral inflammation is discussed: In periodontitis patients, blood parameters and physical fitness are changed. In athletes, associations between muscle injuries and poor oral health are reported. There are deficits in oral health behavior. Furthermore, systemic changes due to physical stress could influence oral tissues. Overall, complex bidirectional interactions between competitive sports and oral inflammation are possible. Regular dental examinations and prevention strategies should be implemented in sports.

Key word

oral health - periodontitis - gingivitis - dentistry in sports - elite athletes - athletic performance


Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 25. April 2022
Eingereicht: 22. Juni 2022

Angenommen: 01. September 2022

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
25. Dezember 2022

© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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