Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00032056.xml
Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sports Med Int Open 2022; 6(02): E60-E68
DOI: 10.1055/a-1926-0817
DOI: 10.1055/a-1926-0817
Orthopedics & Biomechanics
Measures of Knee Capability in Handball Players Differ by Age: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors
Abstract
The return to sport after knee injury is challenging. This is burdensome for sports with a high incidence of injuries, such as team handball. Various tests guide decision making, but often the athlete’s preinjury performance of these measures remains unknown. Moreover, objective return-to-sport criteria of a matching population are missing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objective measures of knee capability in handball depending on players’ age. Two hundred sixty-one handball players performed a functional test battery designed to evaluate knee capability after an anterior cruciate ligament injury: two- and one-legged stability analysis, jumps, speed tests, and agility assessments. For age-specific evaluation, athletes were divided into three age groups (16–19; 20–29;≥30 years). Male players showed differences in two and one-legged jumping height (p<0.02) as well as power per body weight (p<0.01) between age groups. Young female players reached better results in two-and one-legged stability. Besides the quick feet test, results of females did not differ between age groups. Functional knee stability in healthy handball players is partly influenced by age, and females show better results in stability and male athletes in power measurements. This aspect should be considered for return to sports testing and underlines the importance of performance measures in athletic testing.
Publication History
Received: 05 April 2022
Received: 05 July 2022
Accepted: 08 August 2022
Accepted Manuscript online:
24 August 2022
Article published online:
25 December 2022
© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
References
- 1
Luig P,
Krutsch W,
Nerlich M.
et al. Increased injury rates after the restructure of Germany’s national
second league of team handball. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26: 1884-1891
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2 Laver L, Luig P, Achenbach L. et al. Handball Injuries: Epidemiology and Injury Characterization: Part 1. In: Laver L, Landreau P, Seil R et al., eds. Handball Sports Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2018: 141-153
- 3 Engebretsen L, Soligard T, Steffen K. et al. Sports injuries and illnesses during the London Summer Olympic Games 2012. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47: 407-414
- 4 Mónaco M, Rincón J, Ronsano J. et al. Epidemiology of injuries in elite handball: retrospective study in professional and academy handball team. Apunts Medicine de l’Esport 2014; 49: 11-19
- 5 Tabben M, Landreau P, Chamari K. et al. Age, player position and 2 min suspensions were associated with match injuries during the 2017 Men’s Handball World Championship (France). Br J Sports Med 2019; 53: 436-441
- 6 Luig P, Bloch H, Burkhardt K. et al. Analyse des Unfallgeschehens in den zwei höchsten Ligen der Männer: Basketball, Eishockey, Fußball und Handball. Hamburg, Deutschland: VBG Sportreport; 2018
- 7 Seil R, Nührenbörger C, Lion A. et al. Knee injuries in handball. Sports Orthop Traumatol 2016; 32: 154-164
- 8 Muller B, Yabroudi MA, Lynch A. et al. Return to preinjury sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is predicted by five independent factors. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021;
- 9 Smith HC, Vacek P, Johnson RJ. et al. Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury: a review of the literature – part 1: neuromuscular and anatomic risk. Sports Health 2012; 4: 69-78
- 10 Smith HC, Vacek P, Johnson RJ. et al. Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury: a review of the literature – part 2: hormonal, genetic, cognitive function, previous injury, and extrinsic risk factors. Sports Health 2012; 4: 155-161
- 11 Vetter RE, Symonds ML. Correlations between injury, training intensity, and physical and mental exhaustion among college athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 587-596
- 12 Beynnon BD, Vacek PM, Newell MK. et al. The effects of level of competition, sport, and sex on the incidence of first-time noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am J Sports Med 2014; 42: 1806-1812
- 13 Myer GD, Ford KR, Brent JL. et al. Differential neuromuscular training effects on ACL injury risk factors in “high-risk” versus “low-risk” athletes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007; 8: 39
- 14 Renstrom P, Ljungqvist A, Arendt E. et al. Non-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: an International Olympic Committee current concepts statement. Br J Sports Med 2008; 42: 394-412
- 15 Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Braekken IH. et al. Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball players: a prospective intervention study over three seasons. Clin J Sport Med 2003; 13: 71-78
- 16
Zazulak BT,
Hewett TE,
Reeves NP.
et al. Deficits in neuromuscular control of the trunk predict knee injury risk: a
prospective biomechanical-epidemiologic study. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35: 1123-1130
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17 Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR. et al. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33: 492-501
- 18 Pontillo M, Hines SM, Sennett BJ. Prediction of ACL injuries from vertical jump kinetics in Division 1 collegiate athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16: 156-161
- 19 Olsen OE, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L. et al. Injury mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball: a systematic video analysis. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32: 1002-1012
- 20 Koga H, Nakamae A, Shima Y. et al. Mechanisms for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: knee joint kinematics in 10 injury situations from female team handball and basketball. Am J Sports Med 2010; 38: 2218-2225
- 21 Riemann BL, Lephart SM. The sensorimotor system, part II: the role of proprioception in motor control and functional joint stability. J Athl Train 2002; 37: 80-84
- 22 Hiemstra LA, Lo IK, Fowler PJ. Effect of fatigue on knee proprioception: implications for dynamic stabilization. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2001; 31: 598-605
- 23 Mehl J, Diermeier T, Herbst E. et al. Evidence-based concepts for prevention of knee and ACL injuries. 2017 guidelines of the ligament committee of the German Knee Society (DKG). Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2018; 138: 51-61
- 24 Rühlemann A, Mayer C, Götte L. et al. Functional knee stability in handball: an indispensable criterion for safe sport. Sportverletz Sportschaden 2019; 33: 87-95
- 25 Chung K, Ha J, Yeom C. et al. Are muscle strength and function of the uninjured lower limb weakened after anterior cruciate ligament injury? Two-year follow-up after reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43: 3013-3021
- 26 Granados C, Izquierdo M, Ibanez J. et al. Differences in physical fitness and throwing velocity among elite and amateur female handball players. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28: 860-867
- 27 Wagner H, Fuchs P, von Duvillard S. Specific physiological and biomechanical performance in elite, sub-elite and in non-elite male team handball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 58: 73-81
- 28 Herbst E, Hoser C, Hildebrandt C. et al. Functional assessments for decision-making regarding return to sports following ACL reconstruction. Part II: clinical application of a new test battery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23: 1283-1291
- 29 Hildebrandt C, Müller L, Zisch B. et al. Functional assessments for decision-making regarding return to sports following ACL reconstruction. Part I: development of a new test battery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23: 1273-1281
- 30 Prodromos CC, Han Y, Rogowski J. et al. A meta-analysis of the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears as a function of gender, sport, and a knee injury-reduction regimen. Arthroscopy 2007; 23: 1320-1325 e1326
- 31
Hewett TE,
Zazulak BT,
Myer GD.
Effects of the menstrual cycle on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk: a
systematic review. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35: 659-668
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 32 Hildebrandt C, Muller L, Zisch B. et al. Functional assessments for decision-making regarding return to sports following ACL reconstruction. Part I: development of a new test battery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23: 1273-1281
- 33 Holm I, Fosdahl MA, Friis A. et al. Effect of neuromuscular training on proprioception, balance, muscle strength, and lower limb function in female team handball players. Clin J Sport Med 2004; 14: 88-94
- 34 Achenbach L, Krutsch V, Weber J. et al. Neuromuscular exercises prevent severe knee injury in adolescent team handball players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26: 1901-1908
- 35 Steffen K, Nilstad A, Krosshaug T. et al. No association between static and dynamic postural control and ACL injury risk among female elite handball and football players: a prospective study of 838 players. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51: 253-259
- 36 DuPrey KM, Liu K, Cronholm PF. et al. Baseline time to stabilization identifies anterior cruciate ligament rupture risk in collegiate athletes. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44: 1487-1491
- 37 Wilkinson DJ, Piasecki M, Atherton PJ. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47: 123-132
- 38 Wagner H, Hinz M, Fuchs P. et al. Specific game-based performance in elite male adolescent team handball players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022;
- 39 Vernillo G, Pisoni C, Thiebat G. Strength asymmetry between front and rear leg in elite snowboard athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2016; 26: 83-85
- 40 Lambert C, Pfeiffer T, Lambert M. et al. Side differences regarding the limb symmetry index in healthy professional athletes. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41: 729-735
- 41 Risberg M, Steffen K, Nilstad A. et al. Normative quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength values for female, healthy, elite handball and football players. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32: 2314-2323
- 42 Barber SD, Noyes FR, Mangine RE. et al. Quantitative assessment of functional limitations in normal and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990; 204-214
- 43 Thomson A, Einarsson E, Hansen C. et al. Marked asymmetry in vertical force (but not contact times) during running in ACL reconstructed athletes<9 months post-surgery despite meeting functional criteria for return to sport. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21: 890-893
- 44 Eagle SR, Keenan KA, Connaboy C. et al. Bilateral quadriceps strength asymmetry is associated with previous knee injury in military special tactics operators. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33: 89-94
- 45 Schmitt LC, Paterno MV, Hewett TE. The impact of quadriceps femoris strength asymmetry on functional performance at return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012; 42: 750-759
- 46 Harbo T, Brincks J, Andersen H. Maximal isokinetic and isometric muscle strength of major muscle groups related to age, body mass, height, and sex in 178 healthy subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112: 267-275
- 47 Neder J, Nery L, Shinzato G. et al. Reference values for concentric knee isokinetic strength and power in nonathletic men and women from 20 to 80 years old. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1999; 29: 116-126
- 48 Lindle R, Metter E, Lynch N. et al. Age and gender comparisons of muscle strength in 654 women and men aged 20–93 yr. J Appl Physiol 1985; 1997 (83) 1581-1587
- 49 Borges O. Isometric and isokinetic knee extension and flexion torque in men and women aged 20–70. Scand J Rehabil Med 1989; 21: 45-53
- 50 Neder JA, Nery LE, Shinzato GT. et al. Reference values for concentric knee isokinetic strength and power in nonathletic men and women from 20 to 80 years old. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1999; 29: 116-126
- 51 Szymski D, Achenbach L, Zellner J. et al. Higher risk of ACL rupture in amateur football compared to professional football: 5-year results of the ‘Anterior cruciate ligament-registry in German football’. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021;
- 52 Ruhlemann A, Mayer C, Haversath M. et al. Functional knee performance differences in handball are depending on playing class. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41: 652-660
- 53 Silvers-Granelli HJ, Bizzini M, Arundale A. et al. Does the FIFA 11+Injury Prevention Program reduce the incidence of ACL injury in male soccer players. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475: 2447-2455
- 54 Michaelidis M, Koumantakis GA. Effects of knee injury primary prevention programs on anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in female athletes in different sports: a systematic review. Phys Ther Sport 2014; 15: 200-210