Zusammenfassung
Exogen bedingte Retinopathien werden am häufigsten durch externe Stimulanzien, seltener
durch unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen systemisch oder intravitreal eingesetzter
Medikamente und
noch seltener durch Impfungen oder die Einwirkung von Lichtstrahlung verursacht.
Die Kenntnis exogener Ursachen und ihre mögliche Symptomatik ist zur Prophylaxe oder
zur Früherkennung
schädigender Wirkungen und zur adäquaten Beratung der Patienten wichtig.
Abstract
Exogenously induced retinopathies can be caused by consumation of stimulating substances,
systemic or ocular medications, vaccinations, light or irradiation. Some of the effects
are
transient, whereas other effects induce irreversible toxic reactions. Retinal
damage may develop either acutely with obvious relation to the damaging cause, but
often may take a long
duration of repeated use of a substance or medication. External stimulants (e.g.
nicotine, alcohol, poppers, methanol) are the most frequent cause of exogenously induced
retinal damage. Side
effects from systemic drugs (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, ethambutol, MEK-, ERK-,
FLT3-, checkpoint inhibitors, didanosin, pentosanpolysulfat sodium) or intravitreally
applied drugs (e.g.
antibiotics, VEGF-inhibitors) are less frequent. Ocular side effects associated
with vaccinations are rare. Ambient light sources induce no damaging effects on the
retina. Incorrect use of
technical or medical light sources (e.g. laser pointers) without adherence to
safety recommendations or unshielded observation of the sun might induce permanent
retinal damage. Local or
external irradiation might induce retinal vascular damage resulting in radiation
retinopathy.
Schlüsselwörter
Retina - Toxizität - unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen - Impfungen - Lichtschaden
Key words
retina - toxicity - medical side effects - vaccinations - light damage
