Diabetes and COVID-19: Short- and Long-Term
                    Consequences

Charlotte Steenblock; Mohamed Hassanein; Emran G. Khan; Mohamad Yaman; Margrit Kamel; Mahmoud Barbir; Dietrich E. Lorke; John A. Rock; Dean Everett; Saqipi Bejtullah; Adrian Heimerer; Ermal Tahirukaj; Petrit Beqiri; Stefan R. Bornstein

doi:10.1055/a-1878-9566

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Table of Contents

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Horm Metab Res 2022; 54(08): 503-509
DOI: 10.1055/a-1878-9566

Review

Diabetes and COVID-19: Short- and Long-Term Consequences

Charlotte Steenblock

¹Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

,

Mohamed Hassanein

²Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

,

Emran G. Khan

³Endocrinology and Diabetology, King’s College Hospital London, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

,

Mohamad Yaman

⁴Building 6, Nesmah Technology, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

,

Margrit Kamel

¹Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

,

Mahmoud Barbir

⁵Department of Cardiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

,

Dietrich E. Lorke

⁶Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

,

John A. Rock

⁷College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

,

Dean Everett

⁸Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

,

Saqipi Bejtullah

⁹Research Unit, College Heimerer, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo

,

Adrian Heimerer

⁹Research Unit, College Heimerer, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo

,

Ermal Tahirukaj

¹Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

,

Petrit Beqiri

⁹Research Unit, College Heimerer, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo

,

Stefan R. Bornstein

¹Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

¹⁰School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

When the corona pandemic commenced more than two years ago, it was quickly recognized that people with metabolic diseases show an augmented risk of severe COVID-19 and an increased mortality compared to people without these comorbidities. Furthermore, an infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to lead to an aggravation of metabolic diseases and in single cases to new-onset metabolic disorders. In addition to the increased risk for people with diabetes in the acute phase of COVID-19, this patient group also seems to be more often affected by long-COVID and to experience more long-term consequences than people without diabetes. The mechanisms behind these discrepancies between people with and without diabetes in relation to COVID-19 are not completely understood yet and will require further research and follow-up studies during the following years. In the current review, we discuss why patients with diabetes have this higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms not only in the acute phase of the disease but also in relation to long-COVID, vaccine breakthrough infections and re-infections. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of lockdown on glycemic control.

Key words

diabetes mellitus type 1 - diabetes mellitus type 2 - COVID-19 - metabolic syndrome - long-COVID

Full Text

References

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