COVID-19 und bipolare affektive Störung: Subjektive Veränderung der Lebensstilvariablen während des ersten Lockdowns in der COVID-19-Pandemie in Österreich

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Die COVID-19-Pandemie mit ihren Schutzmaßnahmen (z. B. Lockdown) hat einen weitreichenden Einfluss auf die Befindlichkeit aller Menschen. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, Lebensstilvariablen während des ersten österreichischen Lockdowns bei Patient*innen mit bipolarer Erkrankung im Vergleich zu einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe zu untersuchen und subjektive Veränderungen durch die Pandemie zu erheben.

Methode Anfang April 2020 wurde eine Online-Befragung mit 75 Teilnehmer*innen (35 Patient*innen und 40 Kontrollpersonen) mit standardisierten Fragebögen (Beck Depression Inventory-2, Food Craving Inventory, Altman Self Rating Mania Scale) sowie nicht-standardisierten COVID-19-spezifischen Fragen zum Thema „Psychische Belastung und Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie bei bipolarer Störung“ per LimeSurvey durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Beide Gruppen gaben an, dass sich die Pandemie negativ auf ihre psychische Gesundheit ausgewirkt habe. Die Studienteilnehmer*innen mit bipolarer Störung zeigten signifikant höhere Werte im Beck Depression Inventory-2 (p<0,001), in der emotionalen Belastung durch die räumliche Distanzierung (p=0,003) und signifikant niedrigere Werte im Kraftsport (p=0,039) sowie im Sport generell (p=0,003) im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Außerdem rauchten Patient*innen mit bipolarer Erkrankung während dieser Zeit kompensatorisch mehr als Personen der Kontrollgruppe. Personen mit bipolarer Störung gaben mit 42,9% häufiger an, während der Pandemie weniger leistungsfähig zu sein, und 22,9% verzeichneten eine Gewichtszunahme im Vergleich zu vor der Pandemie. Die Kontrollgruppe war hingegen mit 17,5% weniger leistungsfähig und 5,0% berichteten über eine Gewichtszunahme. Ein Vergleich mit Prä-Pandemie-Daten zeigte jedoch eine Abnahme im Food Craving in beiden Gruppen.

Konklusion Diese Studie lieferte erste Hinweise auf die psychische Belastung und auf die ungünstigen Auswirkungen auf den Lebensstil von Menschen mit einer bipolaren Störung zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie. Eine psychiatrische Betreuung und Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen für Patient*innen mit psychischer Störung wären gerade in Krisenzeiten wichtig, um einen gesunden Lebensstil zu pflegen und so ungünstigen Entwicklungen gegenzusteuern.

Abstract

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic with its protective measures (e. g. lockdown) had far-reaching effects on everyone’s well-being. The aim of this study was to examine lifestyle variables during the first Austrian lockdown in patients with bipolar disorder in comparison to a healthy control group and to assess subjective changes caused by the pandemic.

Method At the beginning of April 2020, an online survey of n=75 participants (35 people with bipolar disorder and 40 healthy controls) with standardized questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory-2, Food Craving Inventory, Altman Self Rating Mania Scale) as well as non-standardized COVID-19-specific questions on the subject of “Psychological stress and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in bipolar disorder” was created and distributed via LimeSurvey.

Results Both groups reported a negative impact on their mental health. The participants with bipolar disorder showed significantly higher values in the Beck Depression Inventory-2 score (p<0,001), in emotional distress due to social distancing (p=0,003) and significantly lower values in muscle-strengthening exercise (p=0,039) and in sport units (p=0,003) compared to the control group. In addition, patients with bipolar disorder smoked more often than individuals of the control group. People with bipolar disorder were 42,9% more likely to report they were less efficient during the pandemic, and 22,9% experienced weight gain compared to before the pandemic. The control group, on the other hand, was less efficient at 17,5% and 5,0% reported weight gain. However, a comparison with pre-pandemic data showed a decrease in food craving in both groups.

Conclusion This study provided first evidence of self-reported adverse effects on mental stress and lifestyle in people with bipolar disorder at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatric care and early interventions for patients with bipolar disorder would be particularly important in times of crisis in order to help maintain a healthy lifestyle and thus counteract unfavourable developments.

Schlüsselwörter

COVID-19 - SARS-Cov-2 - bipolare Störung - Lebensstil

Key words

COVID-19 - SARS-Cov-2 - bipolar disorder - lifestyle

Publication History

Received: 13 April 2021

Accepted: 23 May 2022

Article published online:
26 July 2022

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