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Nervenheilkunde 2022; 41(10): 692-701
DOI: 10.1055/a-1826-7796
Geist & Gehirn

Theorieunterricht in Fahrschulen

Digital oder in Präsenz?
Manfred Spitzer
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Zusammenfassung: Im Folgenden wird begründet, warum der theoretische Unterricht an Fahrschulen weiterhin in Präsenz durchgeführt werden sollte. Lernen ist seit mehr als 100 Jahren Gegenstand der naturwissenschaftlichen Forschung, was dazu geführt hat, dass es mittlerweile gesichertes Wissen zu Lernprozessen gibt. Aus der Diskussion, der für den Erwerb der Fahrerlaubnis wesentlichen Lernprozesse folgt, dass digitaler Distanzunterricht den Präsenzunterricht auch was den theoretischen Teil des Unterrichts anbelangt nicht zu ersetzen vermag. Ein weiteres Argument ergibt sich aus der Natur der zu lernenden Inhalte. Da die Straßenverkehrsordnung in erster Linie den Umgang mit anderen Verkehrsteilnehmern regelt, also letztlich menschliches Sozialverhalten betrifft, und da Sozialverhalten prinzipiell im Umgang miteinander, also durch gelebte soziale Praxis in der wirklichen – nicht der virtuellen – Realität gelernt wird, folgt die Überlegenheit des Präsenzunterrichts zwangsläufig. Studien zu den Auswirkungen digitaler Informationstechnik auf Lernprozesse zeigen darüber hinaus deutliche negative Auswirkungen auf das Lernen. Dies gilt insbesondere für das Lernen junger Menschen mit bildungsfernerem und/oder ökonomisch benachteiligtem psychosozialem Hintergrund. Daher ist mit Blick auf die Forderung nach Chancengleichheit für die Teilhabe am sozialen Gemeinschaftsleben der Ersatz des Präsenzunterrichts durch digitalen Distanzunterricht problematisch: Man schadet den sozial bzw. ökonomisch Schwachen am meisten. Der Erwerb des Führerscheins erfolgt meist im jungen Erwachsenenalter, also in einer Phase des Aufbruchs in neue erweiterte soziale Räume. Es muss daher das Ziel sein, allen diese Chance zu ermöglichen, und genau dieses Ziel würde durch eine Änderung der bisherigen Praxis des Präsenzunterrichts für alle Fahrschüler und insbesondere für solche aus sozial benachteiligten Randgruppen der Gesellschaft mit geringerer Wahrscheinlichkeit erreicht. Schließlich würden die Kosten des Führerscheinerwerbs steigen, weil die für den Erwerb des Führerscheins nötigen sozialen Lernprozesse nur noch in den Fahrstunden erfolgen können, deren Zahl ansteigen würde, und die den Hauptteil der Kosten ausmachen. Auch in dieser Hinsicht würde die Maßnahme vor allem sozial schwache Menschen benachteiligen bzw. treffen.



Publication History

Article published online:
14 October 2022

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