Training unter künstlicher Schwerkraft zum Erhalt der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit im All

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Langzeitaufenthalte im All führen zu einer signifikanten Verringerung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems sowie zum Verlust von Muskelmasse und Knochendichte. Tägliches intensives Training in Schwerelosigkeit kann diese Prozesse abschwächen aber nicht vollständig verhindern. Zukünftige Langzeitmissionen sowie Reisen zum Mond oder Mars brauchen daher effektivere Gegenmaßnahmen, um die Leistungsfähigkeit der Besatzung aufrechtzuerhalten. Das DLR forscht dazu mithilfe einer Humanzentrifuge an neuartigen Trainingsmöglichkeiten unter künstlicher Schwerkraft. Aktuelle Studien zeigen eine gute Tolerierbarkeit von verschiedenen Ausdauer- und Krafttrainingsübungen auf der Humanzentrifuge, welche als potenzielle neue Trainingsmethoden im All auch als Gegenmaßnahmen in Bettruhestudien weiterentwickelt und getestet werden.

ABSTRACT

Long-term manned spaceflight missions lead to a significant reduction in the performance of the cardiovascular system and loss of muscle mass and bone density. Daily exercise training in weightlessness can mitigate but not completely prevent deconditioning. Future long-duration missions and voyages to the Moon or Mars therefore need more effective countermeasures to maintain crew’s physical performance. Using a human centrifuge, DLR is investigating new training modalities under artificial gravity. Current studies show a good tolerability of endurance and strength exercises during rotation on the centrifuge, which will be further developed and tested as a potential countermeasure also in the context of ESA bed rest studies.

Key words

exercise - human centrifuge - artificial gravity - motion sickness - astronaut - countermeasure

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