Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239(05): 654-658
DOI: 10.1055/a-1737-4306
Übersicht

Targeted Medical History and Diagnostic Testing in Uveitis

Article in several languages: deutsch | English
Rafael S. Grajewski
1   Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
,
2   Augenklinik, Pallas Kliniken, Olten, Schweiz
3   Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
4   Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde, Inselspital, Bern, Schweiz
,
Stephan Thurau
5   Immunbiologie, Universitäts-Augenklinik München, Deutschland
› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Uveitis is a collective term for a variety of different intraocular inflammations. The underlying etiologies vary greatly depending on the uveitis subtype, and in particular the anatomical focus. The most common forms of anterior uveitis are acute fibrinous unilateral uveitis, often associated with the HLA-B27 haplotype, and granulomatous inflammation, typically associated with sarcoidosis or herpes infections. Intermediate uveitis is usually idiopathic in nature but can also be associated with multiple sclerosis or sarcoidosis, while vitreoretinal lymphoma must also be considered as a masquerade syndrome in patients aged over 45. Posterior uveitis, on the other hand, as well as retinal vasculitis and panuveitis, have a very broad variety of etiologies; these can, however, be narrowed down through a similar findings-centered approach. Retinitis, for example, is often associated with infections (Toxoplasma gondii and viruses of the herpes group), whereas chorioditis is frequently idiopathic, although infections such as tuberculosis may occur. Therefore, the medical history and laboratory diagnosis should be tailored in patients with uveitis based on the anatomic focus of inflammation (anterior, intermediate, or posterior uveitis, or panuveitis) and the clinical picture (e.g., granulomatous versus nongranulomatous).



Publication History

Received: 22 November 2021

Accepted: 23 December 2021

Article published online:
23 March 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany