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Int J Sports Med 2022; 43(09): 743-767
DOI: 10.1055/a-1720-0369
Review

Type and Intensity as Key Variable of Exercise in Metainflammation Diseases: A Review

Caique Figueiredo
1   Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Camila S. Padilha
1   Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Gilson P. Dorneles
2   Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Health Basic Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
,
Alessandra Peres
2   Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Health Basic Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
,
Karsten Krüger
3   Institute of Sports Science, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
,
José Cesar Rosa-Neto
4   Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Fabio S. Lira
1   Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
› Author Affiliations Funding This study was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) #001. CSP is granted with Post Doctorate scholarship from the FAPESP (Process 2018/23402–0), CF is granted with Doctorate scholarship from the FAPESP (Process 2019/26378– 6), FSL is granted with research grants from the FAPESP (Process 2018/19678–0).
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Abstract

Monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations exhibit functions that vary between the anti- and pro-inflammatory spectrum, such as classic CD16- and non-classical CD16+monocytes, as well as T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2), the Th1/Th17 lymphocytes ratio, and T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg). Metabolic disease-associated inflammation is accompanied by an imbalance in monocyte and lymphocyte phenotypes and functionality, as well as a stronger proportion of inflammatory subpopulations. These changes appear to be important for the development and progression of diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical exercise is an important tool to restore the functionality of monocytes and lymphocytes, and to balance the subtypes ratio. However, key variables regarding exercise prescription, such as the type of exercise, intensity, and volume differentially impact on the acute and chronic immune response in individuals diagnosed with meta-inflammation diseases. Here, we discuss the impact of different physical exercise protocols, acutely and chronically, on monocytes and lymphocytes of individuals with metabolic disease-associated inflammation. In this review, we focus on the best effects of different exercise protocols to dose the “exercise pill” in different inflammatory status.

Key words

exercise program - metabolic diseases - monocytes - lymphocytes


Publication History

Received: 01 December 2021

Accepted: 09 December 2021

Accepted Manuscript online:
13 December 2021

Article published online:
18 February 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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