Erfahrungsheilkunde 2022; 71(01): 21-25
DOI: 10.1055/a-1708-6144
Praxis

Naturheilkundliche Therapien bei Mikro- und Makrotraumen durch Sport

Julia Vlachojannis
,
Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann

Zusammenfassung

Mikro- und Makrotraumen durch Sport gehen mit Muskelschädigung, Entzündungsreaktionen und oxidativem Stress einher. Diverse Metaanalysen evaluieren das Nutzen-Risiko-Profil von naturheilkundlichen Therapien zur verletzungsvorbeugenden Wirkung bzw. zur Beschleunigung der Regenerationsprozesse: Um Muskelkater und Müdigkeit vorzubeugen, waren Massagen wirksamer als Kompressionsverbände. Heiss-/Kaltwassertherapie inklusive Fango und Cryotherapie. Elektrostimulation, Dehnübungen und gezielte Gymnastik waren wenig wirksam.Massage und Kälteanwendungen hemmten die Entzündungsreaktionen mehr als die anderen Maßnahmen. Studien mit Laser- und Vibrationstherapie waren in der Metaanalyse nicht berücksichtigt und auch nicht die Studien zur Akupunkturbehandlung. Zu keiner der bei Mikro- und Makrotraumen durch Sport eingesetzten Therapien ist die Wirksamkeit überzeugend belegt. Konfirmatorische Studien sind dringend notwendig, damit die Methoden als Zusatz zur bedarfsangepassten, ausgewogenen Ernährung in der Sportmedizin empfohlen werden können.

Abstract

Micro- and macro-traumata caused by sport are accompanied by muscle damage, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. Various meta-analyses evaluate the benefit-risk profile of naturopathic therapies for the injury preventing effects or the acceleration of regeneration processes: to prevent muscle soreness and fatigue, massages were more effective than compression bandages, thermal hydrotherapy including fango, electrostimulation, stretching exercises, cryotherapy or other cold applications, and specific gymnastics. Massage and cold applications inhibited inflammatory responses more than the other measures. Studies with laser and vibration therapy were not included in the meta-analysis, nor were studies concerning acupuncture treatment. There is no convincing evidence of effectiveness for any of the therapies used for micro- and macrotraumata caused by sport. Confirmatory studies are urgently needed so that the methods can be recommended as an addition to a demand-adapted, balanced diet in sports medicine.



Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
23. Februar 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Bowtell J, Kelly V. Fruit-derived polyphenol supplementation for athlete recovery and performance. Sports Med 2019; 49 (01) 3-23
  • 2 Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Cesaro A. et al. Dietary thiols: A potential supporting strategy against oxidative stress in heart failure and muscular damage during sports activity. Int J Envir Res Pub Health 2020; 17: 9424
  • 3 Cheung K, Hume P, Maxwell L. Delayed onset muscle soreness : treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Med 2003; 33: 145-164
  • 4 Chrubasik-Hausmann S. MSM – Methylsulfonylmethan. 2017 Im Internet: Zugriff am 11. Januar 2022 unter: https://www.uniklinik-freiburg.de/fileadmin/mediapool/08_institute/rechtsmedizin/pdf/Addenda/Methylsulfonylmethan.pdf
  • 5 Corr LD, Field A, Pufal D. et al. The effects of cocoa flavanols on indices of muscle recovery and exercise performance: a narrative review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehab 2021; 13: 90
  • 6 Dupuy O, Douzi W, Theurot D. et al. An evidence-based approach for choosing post-exercise recovery techniques to reduce markers of muscle damage, soreness, fatigue, and inflammation: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9: 403
  • 7 Fernández-Lázaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Seco Calvo J. et al. Modulation of exercise-induced muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative markers by curcumin supplementation in a physically active population: A systematic review. Nutrients 2020; 12: 501
  • 8 Frost R, MacPherson H, O’Meara S. A critical scoping review of external uses of comfrey (Symphytum spp.). Complement Ther Med 2013; 21: 724-745
  • 9 Huang WC, Chiu WC, Chuang HL. et al. Effect of curcumin supplementation on physiological fatigue and physical performance in mice. Nutrients 2015; 7: 905-921
  • 10 Huang C, Wang Z, Xu X. et al. Does acupuncture benefit delayed-onset muscle soreness after strenuous exercise? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2020; 11: 666
  • 11 Jones L, Bailey SJ, Rowland SN. et al. The effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on markers of exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention trials. J Diet Suppl 2021; 1-23
  • 12 Kashi DS, Shabir A, Da Boit M. et al. The efficacy of administering fruit-derived polyphenols to improve health biomarkers, exercise performance and related physiological responses. Nutrients 2019; 11: 2389
  • 13 Kimble R, Jones K, Howatson G. The effect of dietary anthocyanins on biochemical, physiological, and subjective exercise recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 1-15
  • 14 Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA. et al. Effect of cocoa products and its polyphenolic constituents on exercise performance and exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: A review of clinical trials. Nutrients 2019; 11: 1471
  • 15 Ranchordas MK, Rogerson D, Soltani H. et al. Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise. Coch Data Syst Rev 2017; 12 (12) CD009789
  • 16 Rickards L, Lynn A, Harrop D. et al. Effect of polyphenol-rich foods, juices, and concentrates on recovery from exercise induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13: 2988
  • 17 Sahin K, Pala R, Tuzcu M. et al. Curcumin prevents muscle damage by regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways and improves performance: an in vivo model. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9: 147-154
  • 18 Smith AG, Miles VN, Holmes DT. et al. Clinical trials, potential mechanisms, and adverse effects of arnica as an adjunct medication for pain management. Medicines (Basel) 2021; 8: 58
  • 19 Suhett LG, de Miranda Monteiro Santos R, Silveira BKS. et al. Effects of curcumin supplementation on sport and physical exercise: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 61: 946-958
  • 20 Tan J, Shi X, Witchalls J. et al. Effects of pre-exercise acute vibration training on symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 8: 12
  • 21 Vlachojannis J, Weber C, Zimmermann BF. et al. Wirksamkeit der Montmorency-Sauerkirsche bei sportlicher Aktivität. ZKM 2020; 12: 60-68
  • 22 Vlachojannis J, Chrubasik-Hausmann S. Zur Behandlung von Sportverletzungen mit pflanzlichen Externa. ZKM 2020; 1: 30-33
  • 23 Wang Y, Li S, Zhang Y. et al. Heat and cold therapy reduce pain in patients with delayed onset muscle soreness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 48: 177-187
  • 24 Withee ED, Tippens KM, Dehen R. et al. Effects of Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on exercise-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and pain following a half-marathon: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14: 24