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Neuroradiologie Scan 2022; 12(01): 45-62
DOI: 10.1055/a-1678-3250
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Neurologische Komplikationen bei COVID-19-Infektion

Eileen Gülke
,
Christian Gerloff
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Seit ersten Berichten einer neuen Atemwegsinfektion aus der Hauptstadt Wuhan der zentralchinesischen Provinz Hubei Ende 2019 breitet sich das Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 weltweit aus. Mittlerweile ist bekannt, dass eine COVID-19-Infektion häufig begleitet wird von neurologischen Symptomen und Komplikationen. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die klinische Relevanz der COVID-19-Pandemie für die Neurologie im Allgemeinen und insbesondere im Hinblick auf an Parkinson vorerkrankte Patienten.
Kernaussagen

  • Das SARS-CoV-2-Virus tritt via ACE2-Rezeptor in seine Wirtszellen ein. Neben einer direkten viralen Infektion des Gehirns ist außerdem eine hämatogene sowie eine retrograde Infektion über das enterische Nervensystem aufsteigend über den N. vagus denkbar.

  • Neurologische Symptome und Komplikationen einer COVID-19-Infektion können in jedem Stadium der Erkrankung auftreten.

  • Vier von 5 stationär behandelten COVID-19-Patienten entwickeln neurologische Beschwerden.

  • Enzephalopathien sind eine häufige neurologische Manifestation und mit erhöhter Letalität und schlechterem funktionalen Outcome assoziiert.

  • Eine COVID-19 Erkrankung hat ein erhöhtes Risiko für ischämische Schlaganfälle, insbesondere innerhalb der ersten Wochen nach Infektion.

  • Neurologische Vorerkrankungen erhöhen das Risiko eines schweren COVID-19-Verlaufs.

  • Das Post-COVID-19-Syndrom zeichnet sich aus durch anhaltende Fatigue und kognitive Beeinträchtigungen.

  • Ob eine COVID-19-Infektion Neurodegeneration fördert, ist zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt unklar.



Publication History

Article published online:
24 February 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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