Die seltenen Histiozytosen (Non-Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytosen)

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Seltene Histiozytosen, auch Non-Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytosen, sind alle proliferativen Erkrankungen der Histiozyten außer den Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytosen (LCH) und Hämophagozytischen Lymphohistiozytosen (HLH): benigne oder maligne, lokalisierte oder systemische, adulte oder pädiatrische Erkrankungen. Eine 2016 publizierte Klassifikation definiert Subgruppen als L-Gruppe (LCH-ähnlich, hierzu die Erdheim-Chester-Erkrankung, ECD), C-Gruppe (kutan/mukokutan, u. a. die Xanthogranulomatosen, XG), M-Gruppe (maligne Histiozytosen, MH), R-Gruppe (Rosai-Dorfman-Erkrankung, RDD, ähnlich) und H-Gruppe (HLH-ähnlich). In der Pädiatrie am häufigsten sind XG und RDD. Manche haben eine exzellente Prognose (v. a. C-Gruppe und RDD, mit Ausnahmen), andere sind rasch fatal (v. a. MH). So reicht die Therapie von wait-and-see bis zu intensiver Chemotherapie. Zunehmend werden klonale Veränderungen, v. a. im RAS/RAF- bzw. MAPK-Signalweg, identifiziert, mit der Möglichkeit von „targeted“ Therapien. Erfahrungen sind aber noch kaum publiziert, was die systematische Erfassung – in Deutschland im Register Seltene Histiozytosen als Teil des International Rare Histocytic Disorder Registry (Toronto) – nötig macht.

ABSTRACT

Rare histiocytoses are all histiocytic diseases that are not classified as Langerhanscell histiocytoses (LCH) or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): benign or malignant, localized or systemic, adult or pediatric diseases. A classification published in 2016 defined subgroups as L group (LCH-like, including the Erdheim-Chester disease, ECD), C group (cutanous/mucocutanous, e. g. the xanthogranulomatoses, XG), M group (malignant histiocytoses, MH), R group (Rosai-Dorfman disease, RDD, like), and H group (HLH like). Most common in pediatrics are XG and RDD. Some disorders have an excellent prognosis (especially C group and RDD, with exceptions), others are rapidly fatal (especially MH). So, therapy may include wait-and-see as well as intensive chemotherapy. Increasingly, clonal alterations are identified, especially in the RAS/RAF, or MAPK signalling pathway, opening opportunities of ”targeted“ therapies. Still, very limited experience is published, indicating that systematic registration is urgent – in Germany by the ”Register Seltene Histiozytosen“, part of the International Rare Histocytic Disorder Registry (Toronto).

Schlüsselwörter

Non-Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytosen - Erdheim-Chester-Erkrankung - juvenile Xanthogranulomatose - maligne Histiozytosen - Rosai-Dorfman-Erkrankung

Keywords

Non-Langerhanscell histiocytosis - Erdheim-Chester disease - juvenile xanthogranulomatoses - malignant histiocytoses - Rosai-Dorfman disease

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 23. Oktober 2020

Angenommen: 11. November 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
25. Februar 2022

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