Brustwanddeformitäten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Zusammenfassung

Brustwanddeformitäten im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind als Ganzes betrachtet relativ häufig, wobei sie ein weites Spektrum von zum Teil sehr seltenen Entitäten umfassen. Pectus excavatum hat die höchste Prävalenz, es können symptomatische und asymptomatische Fälle auftreten. Symptomatische Patienten sollten behandelt werden, wobei die minimalinvasive operative Korrektur als effektiveres Verfahren neben der Saugglockenbehandlung die größte Rolle spielt. Pectus carinatum und Mischformen der Brustwanddeformität können ebenfalls zu einem erheblichen Leidensdruck führen und bedürfen in solchen Fällen einer individualisierten Therapie. Syndromale Brustwanddeformitäten wie beispielsweise das Jeune-Syndrom bilden eine eigene Gruppe von sehr seltenen Erkrankungen, die erhebliche, zum Teil auch lebensbedrohliche Komorbiditäten aufweisen. Solche Patienten sollten in Zentren mit entsprechender Expertise interdisziplinär und multimodal behandelt werden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt die einzelnen Brustwanderkrankungen, deren Bedeutung und mögliche Therapieansätze vor.

Abstract

Chest wall deformities as a whole are relatively common in children and adolescents, although they comprise a wide spectrum of entities, some of them rare. Pectus excavatum has the highest prevalence. While some patients are asymptomatic, others suffer from substantial limitations. All symptomatic patients should be offered treatment. Minimally invasive surgical correction is the more effective option of treatment, besides the alternative application of a suction bell. Pectus carinatum and combined manifestations of chest wall deformities can also lead to physiological and psychosocial impairment and require treatment tailored to the individual patient in such cases. Syndromal chest wall deformities, such as Jeune syndrome, comprise a separate group of rare diseases that are associated with considerable, occasionally life-threatening comorbidities. These patients should be cared for in centres with appropriate expertise in an interdisciplinary and multimodal manner. This review discusses the different chest wall deformities encountered in paediatric surgical practice, along with their significance and possible therapeutic approaches.

Schlüsselwörter

Trichterbrust - Kielbrust - Brustwanddeformitäten - Kinder - Jugendliche

Keywords

Pectus excavatum - Pectus carinatum - chest wall deformities - children - adolescents

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