Ätherische Öle aus Zimt und Gewürznelken verstärken die Wirkung von Antibiotika gegen multiresistente bakterielle Krankheitserreger

Zusammenfassung

Die Häufigkeit bakterieller Infektionen, bei denen Antibiotika nicht mehr wirken, steigt aufgrund der Resistenzentwicklung der Krankheitserreger weltweit. Um dieser Bedrohung zu begegnen, werden – neben der Entwicklung neuer Antibiotika und der Reaktivierung bereits vorhandener antibakterieller Wirkstoffe – auch die Resistenz-modifizierenden Eigenschaften von Naturstoffen erforscht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit dem Checkerboard-Mikrodilutionsverfahren untersucht, wie die ätherischen Öle aus Gewürznelken (Syzygium aromaticum) und der Rinde des Zimtbaums (Cinnamomum verum) kombiniert mit Lysozym die Wirkungen von Antibiotika aus der Gruppe der Carbapeneme (Imipenem) und der Aminoglykoside (Gentamicin) gegen die bakteriellen Krankheitserreger Pseudomonas aeruginosa bzw. Klebsiella pneumoniae verstärken. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ätherischen Öle beider Pflanzenarten die minimalen Hemmkonzentrationen von Gentamicin und Imipenem gegenüber multiresistenten klinischen Isolaten der beiden gramnegativen Bakterienarten vermindern und damit die Antibiotikawirkung signifikant steigern. Die potenten Resistenz-modifizierenden Eigenschaften der ätherischen Öle lassen weitere Untersuchungen der Phenylpropanoide als Hauptkomponenten beider Öle und anderer Naturstoffe in diesem Kontext vielversprechend erscheinen.

Abstract

The frequency of bacterial infections for which antibiotics no longer work is increasing worldwide due to the development of antibiotic resistance among pathogens. Research topics, in order to counter this threat, include the development of new antibiotics, the reactivation of existing antibacterial agents and the finding of resistance-modifying properties of natural substances. In the present work, the checkerboard microdilution method was used to investigate how the essential oils from cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) combined with lysozyme amplify the effects of a carbapenem- (imipenem) and an aminoglycoside-antibiotic (gentamicin) against the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results indicate that the essential oils of both plant species reduce the minimum inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin and imipenem against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of the two gram-negative bacterial species and thus significantly increase the antibiotic effects. The observed potent resistance-modifying properties of the essential oils favour further investigations of the phenylpropanoids as the main components of both oils and other natural substances in this context.

Schlüsselwörter

Syzygium aromaticum - Cinnamomum verum - Lysozym - Antibiotikaresistenz - Resistenzmodifikation

Key words

Syzygium aromaticum - Cinnamomum verum - lysozyme - antibiotic resistance - resistance modification

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