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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Thromb Haemost 2022; 122(01): 008-019
DOI: 10.1055/a-1562-7599
Review Article

Viral-Induced Inflammatory Coagulation Disorders: Preparing for Another Epidemic

Toshiaki Iba
1   Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
,
Jerrold H. Levy
2   Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
,
Marcel Levi
3   Department of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cardio-metabolic Programme-NIHR UCLH/UCL BRC, London, United Kingdom
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan and from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.
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Abstract

Several viral infectious diseases have emerged or re-emerged from wildlife vectors that have generated serious threats to global health. Increased international travel and commerce increase the risk of transmission of viral or other infectious diseases. In addition, recent climate changes accelerate the potential spread of domestic disease. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an important example of the worldwide spread, and the current epidemic will unlikely be the last. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as dengue and Lassa fevers, may also have the potential to spread worldwide with a significant impact on public health with unpredictable timing. Based on the important lessons learned from COVID-19, it would be prudent to prepare for future pandemics of life-threatening viral diseases. The key concept that connect COVID-19 and viral hemorrhagic fever is the coagulation disorder. This review focuses on the coagulopathy of acute viral infections since hypercoagulability has been a major challenge in COVID-19, but represents a different presentation compared with viral hemorrhagic fever. However, both thrombosis and hemorrhage are understood as the result of thromboinflammation due to viral infections, and the role of anticoagulation is important to consider.

Keywords

viral hemorrhagic fever - COVID-19 - anticoagulation - disseminated intravascular coagulation - endothelial cells

Author Contributions

T.I. and J.H.L. wrote the draft. M.L. reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.




Publication History

Received: 28 April 2021

Accepted: 28 July 2021

Accepted Manuscript online:
30 July 2021

Article published online:
13 September 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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