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DOI: 10.1055/a-1460-8566
Metallic Implants in MRI – Hazards and Imaging Artifacts
Metallische Implantate im MRT – Gefahren und Bildartefakte Supported by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft GRK 2154Supported by: European Regional Development Fund and the Zukunftsprogramm Wirtschaft of Schleswig-Holstein 122-09-053
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an examination method for noninvasive soft tissue imaging without the use of ionizing radiation. Metallic implants, however, may pose a risk for the patient and often result in imaging artifacts. Due to the increasing number of implants, reducing these artifacts has become an important goal. In this review, we describe the risks associated with implants and provide the background on how metal-induced artifacts are formed. We review the literature on methods on how to reduce artifacts and summarize our findings.
Method The literature was searched using PubMed and the keywords “MRI metal artifact reduction”, “metallic implants” and “MRI artefacts/artifacts”.
Results and Conclusion The MRI compatibility of implants has to be evaluated individually. To reduce artifacts, two general approaches were found: a) parameter optimization in standard sequences (echo time, slice thickness, bandwidth) and b) specialized sequences, such as VAT, OMAR, WARP, SEMAC and MAVRIC. These methods reduced artifacts and improved image quality, albeit at the cost of a (sometimes significantly) prolonged scan time. New developments in accelerated imaging will likely shorten the scan time of these methods significantly, such that routine use may become feasible.
Key Points:
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Metallic implants may pose a risk for patients and often cause artifacts.
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Imaging artifacts can be reduced by parameter optimization or special sequences.
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Metal artifacts are reduced with a lower TE, smaller voxel size, larger matrix, and higher bandwidth.
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SPI, STIR, VAT, SEMAC, MAVRIC, and MAVRIC-SL are specialized MR sequences that can reduce artifacts further.
Citation Format
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Peschke E, Ulloa P, Jansen O et al. Metallic Implants in MRI – Hazards and Imaging Artifacts. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 1285 – 1293
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) ist eine Untersuchungsmethode für die nichtinvasive Bildgebung der Weichteile ohne die Verwendung von ionisierender Strahlung. Metallische Implantate können jedoch ein Risiko für den Patienten darstellen und führen häufig zu Bildgebungsartefakten. Aufgrund der steigenden Anzahl von Implantaten ist die Reduzierung dieser Artefakte zu einem wichtigen Ziel geworden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit beschreiben wir die mit Implantaten und MRT verbundenen Risiken und liefern den Hintergrund, wie metallinduzierte Artefakte entstehen. Wir erläutern die gängigen Methoden zur Artefaktreduktion aus der Literatur und fassen diese zusammen.
Methoden Für diese Übersichtsarbeit wurde eine PubMed-Literatursuche mit den Stichworten „MRI metal artefact reduction“, „metallic implants“ und „MRI artefacts/artifacts“ durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die MRT-Verträglichkeit von Implantaten muss individuell bewertet werden. Zur Reduzierung von Artefakten wurden 2 generelle Ansätze gefunden: a) Parameteroptimierung in Standardsequenzen (Echozeit, Schichtdicke, Bandbreite) und b) spezialisierte Sequenzen wie VAT, OMAR, WARP, SEMAC und MAVRIC. Diese Methoden reduzierten Artefakte und verbesserten die Bildqualität, wenn auch auf Kosten einer (manchmal deutlich) verlängerten Scanzeit. Neue Entwicklungen in der beschleunigten Bildgebung werden die Scanzeit dieser Methoden wahrscheinlich deutlich verkürzen, sodass ein routinemäßiger Einsatz möglich werden könnte.
Kernaussagen:
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Metallische Implantate können ein Risiko für Patienten darstellen und verursachen oft Artefakte.
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Bildartefakte können durch Parameteroptimierung und spezielle Sequenzen reduziert werden.
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Metallartefakte werden durch kürzere TE, kleinere Voxelgröße, größere Bildmatrix und größere Bandbreite reduziert.
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SPI, STIR, VAT, SEMAC, MAVRIC und MAVRIC-SL sind spezialisierte MRT-Sequenzen, die Artefakte weiter reduzieren können.
Publication History
Received: 01 September 2020
Accepted: 17 March 2021
Article published online:
12 May 2021
© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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