Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2021; 21(02): 121-128
DOI: 10.1055/a-1375-7801
Schwerpunkt

Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Ein praxisorientierter ÜberblickA practice-oriented overviewAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents
Thomas Jans
1   Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Würzburg
,
Alexander Häge
2   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
,
Sarah Hohmann
2   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
,
Marcel Romanos
1   Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Würzburg
,
Tobias Banaschewski
2   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
› Author Affiliations

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist eine der häufigsten psychiatrischen Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters und zeichnet sich durch die Symptomtrias Unaufmerksamkeit, Impulsivität und Hyperaktivität aus. Die Störung beginnt in der Kindheit und persistiert oft bis ins Erwachsenenalter. ADHS ist zumeist begleitet von komorbiden Störungen, insbesondere Sozialverhaltensstörungen, affektiven Störungen und Angststörungen. Sie führt zu deutlichen Beeinträchtigungen des Funktionsniveaus und der Lebensqualität der Patienten und ist assoziiert mit einer Vielzahl von Risiken und weiteren Beeinträchtigungen. Die Therapie ist multimodal und richtet sich nach dem Alter der Patienten und dem Schweregrad der Symptomatik.

Die Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die Symptomatik der ADHS, die Ätiologie, die Diagnostik sowie die leitliniengerechte, evidenzbasierte Therapie. Dabei werden insbesondere psychosoziale und pharmakologische Behandlungsoptionen vorgestellt.

ABSTRACT

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents defined by the core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. The disorder begins in childhood and often persists into adulthood. ADHS is frequently associated with comorbidities including oppositional defiant disorder, affective disorders and anxiety disorders. It leads to functional impairment, reduced quality of life and is associated with a range of risks and further impairments. The treatment requires a multimodal approach taking into account the age of the patients and the severity of symptoms.

This work gives an overview of the symptomatology of ADHD, the etiology, the assessment and evidence-based treatment according to current clinical guidelines presenting psychosocial and pharmacological treatment options.



Publication History

Article published online:
26 April 2021

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