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Laryngorhinootologie 2021; 100(03): 168-173
DOI: 10.1055/a-1353-1387
Leitlinien und Empfehlungen

Allergische Reaktionen auf COVID-19-Impfungen – Was HNO-Ärzte wissen sollten – Teil 1: Allgemeine Aspekte von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, immunologische Grundlagen von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, Immunmechanismen von allergischen und pseudoallergischen Reaktionen, Teil 2: Charakteristiken der mRNA-Impfstoffe BNT162b2 und mRNA-1273 zur Prophylaxe von COVID-19 und assoziierte Immunphänomene, Teil 3: Praktische Aspekte der Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie von Allergien auf COVID-19-Impfstoffe

L. Klimek
1   Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden
,
A. M Chaker
2   Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde & Zentrum für Allergie und Umwelt, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München
,
M. Cuevas
3   Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, TU Dresden
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Zusammenfassung

Mit BNT162b2 (zugelassen am 27.12.2020) und mRNA-1273 (zugelassen am 06.01.2021) wurden erstmalig RNA-Impfstoffe zur breiten Anwendung in einem beschleunigten Verfahren in der EU bedingt zugelassen und stehen nun zur effektiven Bekämpfung der durch SARS-CoV-2 verursachten Pandemie in der EU zur Verfügung. Einzelne Berichte über Anaphylaxien nach Impfung zunächst in Großbritannien sowie die Identifikation von PEGs (Polyethylenglykole) als mögliche Auslöser der Reaktionen als bisher wenig im allergologischen Fokus stehende Gruppe von Zusatzstoffen führten zur Verunsicherung von Ärzten und Patienten. Ziel dieser Artikelserie ist die Zusammenfassung bisher bekannter pathophysiologischer und klinischer Erkenntnisse (Teil 1), der Charakteristiken der Impfstoffe (Teil 2) sowie praktische Aspekte zur Erkennung und Therapie möglicher Allergien gegen Bestandteile der mRNA-COVID-19-Impfstoffe (Teil 3).

Abstract

With BNT162b2 (approved in the EC on 27th of December 2020) and mRNA-1273 (approved in the EC on 6th of January 2021) for the first time ever two RNA-vaccines received conditional approval within the EC in order to effectively combat the SARS-COV2 pandemic. The emergence of sporadic cases of anaphylaxis following vaccination with these new compounds and the identification of PEGs (polyethylenglycols) as potential, widely used but yet usually unknown culprits have led to uncertainty among treating physicians and patients. The aim of this article series is to summarize current available pathophysiological and clinical information (part 1), to describe the characteristics of the vaccines (part 2) and to provide practical solutions for diagnosis and treatment of potential allergy against mRNACovid19 vaccines.

Schlüsselwörter

BNT162b2 - mRNA-1273 - Anaphylaxie - Allergie - Impfreaktion

Key words

NT162b2 - mRNA-1273 - anaphylaxis - allergy - post-vaccination adverse events


Publication History

Article published online:
22 January 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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