Download PDF
Hamostaseologie 2021; 41(02): 112-119
DOI: 10.1055/a-1344-7279
Review Article

Anticoagulation in Patients with Platelet Disorders

Carlo Zaninetti
1   Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
2   Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
,
Thomas Thiele
1   Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Platelet disorders comprise heterogeneous diseases featured by reduced platelet counts and/or impaired platelet function causing variable bleeding symptoms. Despite their bleeding diathesis, patients with platelet disorders can develop transient or permanent prothrombotic conditions that necessitate prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation. Anticoagulation in patients with platelet disorders is a matter of concern because the bleeding risk could add to the hemorrhagic risk related to the platelet defect. This review provides an overview on the evidence on anticoagulation in patients with acquired and inherited thrombocytopenia and/or platelet dysfunction. We summarize tools to evaluate and balance bleeding— and thrombotic risks and describe a practical approach on how to manage these patients if they have an indication for prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation.

Keywords

thrombocytopenia - platelet dysfunction - anticoagulation - thrombotic risk - bleeding risk

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 06 November 2020

Accepted: 29 December 2020

Article published online:
15 April 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • References

  • 1 Noris P, Pecci A. Hereditary thrombocytopenias: a growing list of disorders. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2017; 2017 (01) 385-399
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Zaninetti C, Greinacher A. Diagnosis of inherited platelet disorders on a blood smear. J Clin Med 2020; 9 (02) E539
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Thiele T, Greinacher A. Platelet transfusion in perioperative medicine. Semin Thromb Hemost 2020; 46 (01) 50-61
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Gould MK, Garcia DA, Wren SM. et al. Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012; 141 (2, Suppl): e227S-e277S
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J. et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest 2016; 149 (02) 315-352
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Bozzato S, Galli L, Ageno W. Thromboprophylaxis in surgical and medical patients. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 33 (02) 163-175
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Konstantinides SV, Meyer G. The 2019 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 2019; 40 (42) 3453-3455
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Witt DM, Nieuwlaat R, Clark NP. et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: optimal management of anticoagulation therapy. Blood Adv 2018; 2 (22) 3257-3291
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D. et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (38) 2893-2962
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Steffel J, Verhamme P, Potpara TS. et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (16) 1330-1393
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ. et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 2017; 38 (36) 2739-2791
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO. et al. 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70 (02) 252-289
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Hui P, Cook DJ, Lim W, Fraser GA, Arnold DM. The frequency and clinical significance of thrombocytopenia complicating critical illness: a systematic review. Chest 2011; 139 (02) 271-278
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Rice TW, Wheeler AP. Coagulopathy in critically ill patients: part 1: platelet disorders. Chest 2009; 136 (06) 1622-1630
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Neunert C, Lim W, Crowther M, Cohen A, Solberg Jr L, Crowther MA. American Society of Hematology. The American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2011; 117 (16) 4190-4207
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Stanworth SJ, Walsh TS, Prescott RJ, Lee RJ, Watson DM, Wyncoll DL. Intensive Care Study of Coagulopathy Investigators. Thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusion in UK critical care: a multicenter observational study. Transfusion 2013; 53 (05) 1050-1058
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Stasi R. How to approach thrombocytopenia. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2012; 2012: 191-197
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Casari C, Bergmeier W. Acquired platelet disorders. Thromb Res 2016; 141 (Suppl. 02) S73-S75
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Scharf RE. Drugs that affect platelet function. Semin Thromb Hemost 2012; 38 (08) 865-883
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Caiazzo E, Tedesco I, Spagnuolo C, Russo GL, Ialenti A, Cicala C. Red wine inhibits aggregation and increases ATP-diphosphohydrolase (CD39) activity of rat platelets in vitro. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11 (06) 771-774
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Nunez D, Chignard M, Korth R. et al. Specific inhibition of PAF-acether-induced platelet activation by BN 52021 and comparison with the PAF-acether inhibitors kadsurenone and CV 3988. Eur J Pharmacol 1986; 123 (02) 197-205
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Ostertag LM, O'Kennedy N, Kroon PA, Duthie GG, de Roos B. Impact of dietary polyphenols on human platelet function–a critical review of controlled dietary intervention studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 (01) 60-81
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Smith S, Fair K, Goodman A, Watson J, Dodgion C, Schreiber M. Consumption of alcohol leads to platelet inhibition in men. Am J Surg 2019; 217 (05) 868-872
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Srivastava KC. Extracts from two frequently consumed spices–cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa)–inhibit platelet aggregation and alter eicosanoid biosynthesis in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989; 37 (01) 57-64
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Remuzzi G, Benigni A, Dodesini P. et al. Reduced platelet thromboxane formation in uremia. Evidence for a functional cyclooxygenase defect. J Clin Invest 1983; 71 (03) 762-768
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Robert F, Mignucci M, McCurdy SA, Maldonado N, Lee JY. Hemostatic abnormalities associated with monoclonal gammopathies. Am J Med Sci 1993; 306 (06) 359-366
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Sandes AF, Yamamoto M, Matarraz S. et al. Altered immunophenotypic features of peripheral blood platelets in myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 2012; 97 (06) 895-902
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Geisen U, Brehm K, Trummer G. et al. Platelet secretion defects and acquired von Willebrand syndrome in patients with ventricular assist devices. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7 (02) e006519
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Falanga A, Marchetti M. Thrombotic disease in the myeloproliferative neoplasms. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2012; 2012: 571-581
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Jurk K. Analysis of platelet function and dysfunction. Hamostaseologie 2015; 35 (01) 60-72
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Balduini CL, Pecci A, Noris P. Inherited thrombocytopenias: the evolving spectrum. Hamostaseologie 2012; 32 (04) 259-270
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Althaus K, Najm J, Greinacher A. MYH9 related platelet disorders - often unknown and misdiagnosed. Klin Padiatr 2011; 223 (03) 120-125
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Pecci A, Balduini CL. Lessons in platelet production from inherited thrombocytopenias. Br J Haematol 2014; 165 (02) 179-192
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Gresele P, Orsini S, Noris P. et al; BAT-VAL Study Investigators. Validation of the ISTH/SSC bleeding assessment tool for inherited platelet disorders: a communication from the Platelet Physiology SSC. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18 (03) 732-739
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Greinacher A, Pecci A, Kunishima S. et al. Diagnosis of inherited platelet disorders on a blood smear: a tool to facilitate worldwide diagnosis of platelet disorders. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15 (07) 1511-1521
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Gresele P. Subcommittee on Platelet Physiology of the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Diagnosis of inherited platelet function disorders: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13 (02) 314-322
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Colucci G, Stutz M, Rochat S. et al. The effect of desmopressin on platelet function: a selective enhancement of procoagulant COAT platelets in patients with primary platelet function defects. Blood 2014; 123 (12) 1905-1916
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Winikoff R, Scully MF, Robinson KS. Women and inherited bleeding disorders - a review with a focus on key challenges for 2019. Transfus Apheresis Sci 2019; 58 (05) 613-622
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Orsini S, Noris P, Bury L. et al; European Hematology Association - Scientific Working Group (EHA-SWG) on thrombocytopenias and platelet function disorders. Bleeding risk of surgery and its prevention in patients with inherited platelet disorders. Haematologica 2017; 102 (07) 1192-1203
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Zaninetti C, Barozzi S, Bozzi V, Gresele P, Balduini CL, Pecci A. Eltrombopag in preparation for surgery in patients with severe MYH9-related thrombocytopenia. Am J Hematol 2019; 94 (08) E199-E201
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Zaninetti C, Gresele P, Bertomoro A. et al. Eltrombopag for the treatment of inherited thrombocytopenias: a phase II clinical trial. Haematologica 2020; 105 (03) 820-828
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Bolton-Maggs PH, Chalmers EA, Collins PW. et al; UKHCDO. A review of inherited platelet disorders with guidelines for their management on behalf of the UKHCDO. Br J Haematol 2006; 135 (05) 603-633
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Nurden AT. Acquired antibodies to αIIbβ3 in Glanzmann thrombasthenia: from transfusion and pregnancy to bone marrow transplants and beyond. Transfus Med Rev 2018; S0887-7963(18)30037-3
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Rydz N, James PD. The evolution and value of bleeding assessment tools. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10 (11) 2223-2229
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Miller AB, Hoogstraten B, Staquet M, Winkler A. Reporting results of cancer treatment. Cancer 1981; 47 (01) 207-214
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A, Abshire T. et al; ISTH/SSC Joint VWF and Perinatal/Pediatric Hemostasis Subcommittees Working Group. ISTH/SSC bleeding assessment tool: a standardized questionnaire and a proposal for a new bleeding score for inherited bleeding disorders. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8 (09) 2063-2065
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Civaschi E, Klersy C, Melazzini F. et al; European Haematology Association - Scientific Working Group on Thrombocytopenias and Platelet Function Disorders. Analysis of 65 pregnancies in 34 women with five different forms of inherited platelet function disorders. Br J Haematol 2015; 170 (04) 559-563
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Noris P, Schlegel N, Klersy C. et al; European Hematology Association – Scientific Working Group on Thrombocytopenias and Platelet Function Disorders. Analysis of 339 pregnancies in 181 women with 13 different forms of inherited thrombocytopenia. Haematologica 2014; 99 (08) 1387-1394
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Tripodi A. Liver disease and hemostatic (dys)function. Semin Thromb Hemost 2015; 41 (05) 462-467
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Caprini JA. Thrombosis risk assessment as a guide to quality patient care. Dis Mon 2005; 51 (2-3): 70-78
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Caprini JA, Arcelus JI, Hasty JH, Tamhane AC, Fabrega F. Clinical assessment of venous thromboembolic risk in surgical patients. Semin Thromb Hemost 1991; 17 (Suppl. 03) 304-312
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF. et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008; 133 (6, Suppl): 381S-453S
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, Culakova E, Lyman GH, Francis CW. Development and validation of a predictive model for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis. Blood 2008; 111 (10) 4902-4907
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V. et al. A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8 (11) 2450-2457
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137 (02) 263-272
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Hull RD, Pineo GF, Brant RF. et al; LITE Trial Investigators. Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer. Am J Med 2006; 119 (12) 1062-1072
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Lee AY, Levine MN, Baker RI. et al; Randomized Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for the Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (CLOT) Investigators. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 349 (02) 146-153
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Samuelson Bannow BT, Lee A, Khorana AA. et al. Management of cancer-associated thrombosis in patients with thrombocytopenia: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16 (06) 1246-1249
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, Briët E. Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Circulation 1994; 89 (02) 635-641
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Garcia D, Erkan D. Diagnosis and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med 2018; 378 (21) 2010-2021
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Sakuragawa N, Hasegawa H, Maki M, Nakagawa M, Nakashima M. Clinical evaluation of low-molecular-weight heparin (FR-860) on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)–a multicenter co-operative double-blind trial in comparison with heparin. Thromb Res 1993; 72 (06) 475-500
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH. et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 2018; 2 (22) 3360-3392
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Rajpurkar M, Croteau SE, Boggio L, Cooper DL. Thrombotic events with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in approved indications are rare and associated with older age, cardiovascular disease, and concomitant use of activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC). J Blood Med 2019; 10: 335-340
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Eppsteiner RW, Shin JJ, Johnson J, van Dam RM. Mechanical compression versus subcutaneous heparin therapy in postoperative and posttrauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 2010; 34 (01) 10-19
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Morris RJ, Woodcock JP. Intermittent pneumatic compression or graduated compression stockings for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis? A systematic review of direct clinical comparisons. Ann Surg 2010; 251 (03) 393-396
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Arabi YM, Al-Hameed F, Burns KEA. et al; Saudi Critical Care Trials Group. Adjunctive intermittent pneumatic compression for venous thromboprophylaxis. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (14) 1305-1315
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Kelkar AH, Rajasekhar A. Inferior vena cava filters: a framework for evidence-based use. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2020; 2020 (01) 619-628
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Tufano A, Guida A, Di Minno MN, Prisco D, Cerbone AM, Di Minno G. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients with thrombocytopenia or with platelet dysfunction: a review of the literature. Semin Thromb Hemost 2011; 37 (03) 267-274
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Matar CF, Kahale LA, Hakoum MB. et al. Anticoagulation for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 7: CD009447
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Carrier M, Abou-Nassar K, Mallick R. et al; AVERT Investigators. Apixaban to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (08) 711-719
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Khorana AA, Soff GA, Kakkar AK. et al; CASSINI Investigators. Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis in high-risk ambulatory patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 2019; 380 (08) 720-728
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Wang TF, Zwicker JI, Ay C. et al. The use of direct oral anticoagulants for primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory cancer patients: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17 (10) 1772-1778
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Williamson DR, Albert M, Heels-Ansdell D. et al; PROTECT Collaborators, the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients receiving thromboprophylaxis: frequency, risk factors, and outcomes. Chest 2013; 144 (04) 1207-1215
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Paciullo F, Bury L, Noris P. et al. Antithrombotic prophylaxis for surgery-associated venous thromboembolism risk in patients with inherited platelet disorders. The SPATA-DVT Study. Haematologica 2020; 105 (07) 1948-1956
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Selleng K, Lubenow LE, Greinacher A, Warkentin TE. Perioperative management of MYH9 hereditary macrothrombocytopenia (Fechtner syndrome). Eur J Haematol 2007; 79 (03) 263-268
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Di Nisio M, Lee AY, Carrier M, Liebman HA, Khorana AA. Subcommittee on Haemostasis and Malignancy. Diagnosis and treatment of incidental venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13 (05) 880-883
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Pastori D, Antonucci E, Violi F, Palareti G, Pignatelli P. START2 Registry Investigators‡, START2 Registry Investigators‡. Thrombocytopenia and mortality risk in patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis from the START Registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8 (21) e012596
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Wang CL, Wu VC, Lee CH. et al. Effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients with thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2019; 47 (04) 512-519
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Michowitz Y, Klempfner R, Shlomo N, Goldenberg I, Koren-Michowitz M. Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis are associated with different outcome in atrial fibrillation patients on anticoagulant therapy. PLoS One 2019; 14 (11) e0224709
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Caro J, Navada S. Safety of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and MDS/AML complicated by thrombocytopenia: an unresolved challenge: Can they be managed? A report of three cases and literature review. Am J Hematol 2018; 93 (05) E112-E114
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Janion-Sadowska A, Papuga-Szela E, Łukaszuk R, Chrapek M, Undas A. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and thrombocytopenia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 72 (03) 153-160
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Delluc A, Wang TF, Yap ES. et al. Anticoagulation of cancer patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation receiving chemotherapy: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17 (08) 1247-1252
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 83 d'Oiron R, Ménart C, Trzeciak MC. et al. Use of recombinant factor VIIa in 3 patients with inherited type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia undergoing invasive procedures. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83 (05) 644-647
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 Gruel Y, Pacouret G, Bellucci S, Caen J. Severe proximal deep vein thrombosis in a Glanzmann thrombasthenia variant successfully treated with a low molecular weight heparin. Blood 1997; 90 (02) 888-890
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 Ragsdell B, Thachil J. Lessons from recurrent deep vein thrombosis in Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Haemophilia 2013; 19 (06) e391-e393
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 86 Rezende SM. Secondary prophylaxis with warfarin for recurrent thrombosis in a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia and F5 G1691A. Br J Haematol 2012; 156 (01) 144
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Seretny M, Senadheera N, Miller E, Keeling D. Pulmonary embolus in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia treated with warfarin. Haemophilia 2008; 14 (05) 1138-1139
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Ten Cate H, Brandjes DP, Smits PH, van Mourik JA. The role of platelets in venous thrombosis: a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and a factor V Leiden mutation suffering from deep venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1 (02) 394-395
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 89 Heller PG, Pecci A, Glembotsky AC. et al. Unexplained recurrent venous thrombosis in a patient with MYH9-related disease. Platelets 2006; 17 (04) 274-275
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 90 Garcia-Villarreal OA, Fernández-Ceseña E, Solano-Ricardi M, Aguilar-García AL, Vega-Hernández R, Del Angel-Soto G. Unusual redo mitral valve replacement for bleeding in Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016; 24 (01) 57-59
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 91 Blackshear JL, McRee CW, Safford RE. et al. von Willebrand factor abnormalities and Heyde syndrome in dysfunctional heart valve prostheses. JAMA Cardiol 2016; 1 (02) 198-204
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar