Jenseits der antinutritiven Eigenschaften von Gerbstoffen

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl gerbstoffhaltigen Pflanzenmaterialien zugeschrieben wird, über antidiarrhöische Eigenschaften zu verfügen und das Wachstum einiger pathogener Mikroorganismen zu hemmen, wurde ihre Anwendung in der Ferkelernährung aufgrund der antinutritiven Eigenschaften vermieden. Der jahrzehntelange ausgedehnte Einsatz von Antibiotika zur Vorbeugung und Therapie von Infektionen bei Tieren hat wesentlich zur Ausbreitung der antimikrobiellen Resistenz beigetragen und in der Folge zu Einschränkungen beim Einsatz in der Landwirtschaft geführt. Als Konsequenz ist die Entwicklung von präventiven und therapeutischen Strategien zur Erhaltung der Darmgesundheit von Ferkeln, die auf neuartigen Mechanismen basieren, dringend erforderlich.

Aktuelle Fortschritte in den Analysemethoden ermöglichen eine gründliche strukturelle Charakterisierung der Gerbstoffzusammensetzung und biologischen Aktivitäten, was eine standardisierte Verwendung und präzise Dosierung von Phytopharmaka, die hydrolysierbare und kondensierte Gerbstoffe enthalten, ermöglicht. Als Konsequenz kann die Nutzung ihrer biologischen Eigenschaften in der Tierernährung mit voller Kontrolle über unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen potenziell erreicht werden. Darüber hinaus werfen Studien zur Interaktion mit der Darmmikrobiota ein neues Licht auf den Metabolismus und die Disposition von Gerbstoffen und bieten die Möglichkeit, neue Erkenntnisse über die Mechanismen ihrer biologischen Aktivitäten zu gewinnen.

Abstract

Beyond the anti-nutritional properties of tannins: New studies on the effect on piglets

Although plant materials containing tannins are attributed to express antidiarrheal properties and to inhibit the growth of some pathogenic microorganisms, their application in piglet nutrition has been avoided due to their antinutritional properties. Decades of extensive use of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of infections in livestock have significantly contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance and led to the restrictions on their use in farming. As a consequence, the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies to maintain intestinal health in piglets based on novel mechanisms is urgently needed. Recent advances in analytical methods allowed thorough structural characterization of tannins composition and biological activities, enabling the standardized use and precise dosing of plant materials containing hydrolysable or condensed tannins. Thus, the application of their biological properties in animal nutrition can potentially be achieved with full control over undesirable side effects. In addition, studies on the interaction with the gut microbiota shine a new light on the metabolism and disposition of tannins and offer the possibilities of gaining new perspective on the mechanisms of their biological activities.

Publication History

Article published online:
15 February 2021

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