Seltene Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen und des Nervus Facialis

Zusammenfassung

Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen sind, insgesamt gesehen eher selten. In der Europäischen Union (EU) gilt eine Erkrankung als selten, wenn nicht mehr als 5 von 10,000 Menschen in der EU von ihr betroffen sind. Allein in Deutschland leben Schätzungen zufolge etwa 4 Millionen Menschen mit einer seltenen Erkrankung, in der gesamten EU geht man von 30 Millionen aus [1]. Die meisten in der vorliegenden Arbeit beschriebenen Krankheitsbilder der Speicheldrüsen und des N. facialis fallen unter diese Kategorie. Sie bilden eine sehr heterogene Gruppe, deren Behandlung sich auf spezialisierte Zentren konzentriert. Dennoch ist es für den HNO-Arzt unerlässlich, auch diese seltenen Erkrankungen zu erkennen und zu diagnostizieren, um dann die richtigen therapeutischen Schritte einzuleiten. Die Arbeit ist eine Zusammenstellung des gesamten Spektrums angeborener und erworbener seltener Speicheldrüsen- und N. facialis-Erkrankungen. Dabei werden die Ätiologien entzündlicher Erkrankungen, Autoimmunerkrankungen und Tumoren berücksichtigt. Für die einzelnen Themenkomplexe wurde, soweit vorhanden, die aktuelle Literatur ausgewertet und für den Leser in Fakten zusammengefasst. Dazu wird auf die Entwicklung neuer Verfahren in Diagnostik, Bildgebung und Therapie eingegangen. Auch genetische Hintergründe von Tumorerkrankungen bei Speicheldrüsentumoren und die Trends in der Behandlung tumoröser Läsionen des N. facialis werden aufgegriffen. Des Weiteren werden auch seltene Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen im Kindesalter betrachtet. Diese können zwar teilweise auch bei Erwachsenen vorkommen, unterscheiden sich aber doch in Häufigkeit und Symptomatik. Auf Grund der Seltenheit der hier abgehandelten Erkrankungen ist es zu empfehlen, diese in spezialisierten Zentren mit entsprechender Erfahrung zu behandeln. Abschließend werden die Schwierigkeiten der Studiendurchführung und die Problematik der Erstellung von Krankheitsregistern beim Thema Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen besprochen, da diese auf Grund der allgemeinen Seltenheit dieser Pathologien besonders relevant sind.

Schlüsselwörter

Speicheldrüsen - Nervus Facialis - Speicheldrüsentumoren - Speicheldrüsenentzündungen - Facialisparesen - Facialistumoren

Publication History

Article published online:
30 April 2021

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