Ist die Desinfektion öffentlicher Flächen zur Prävention von SARS-CoV-2 – infektionen sinnvoll?

Zusammenfassung

Maßnahmen zur Eingrenzung von SARS-CoV-2 beinhalten häufig die regelmäßige Desinfektion öffentlicher Flächen. In dieser systematischen Übersichtsarbeit wird dargelegt, wie häufig sich SARS-CoV-2 im Umfeld bestätigter Fälle auf Flächen nachweisen lässt. In 26 Studien zeigt sich, dass die RNA von SARS-CoV-2 zu 0 bis 100% auf Flächen im Patientenumfeld gefunden werden kann. Die 7 Studien mit mindestens 100 Proben zeigen mehrheitlich Nachweisraten zwischen 1,4 und 19%. Aus 2 weiteren Studien geht hervor, dass der Nachweis von infektiösem SARS-CoV-2 bislang von keiner Fläche gelungen ist. Vergleichbare Erkenntnisse finden sich für Flächen im Umfeld bestätigter SARS- bzw. Influenzapatienten. Eine Kontamination öffentlicher Flächen mit infektiösem SARS-CoV-2 ist durch die wenigen Virenausscheider im öffentlichen Raum, die meist kurze Kontaktzeit dieser Personen zur Fläche und die fehlende Symptomatik asymptomatischer Fälle noch weitaus unwahrscheinlicher. Außerdem wird durch das Berühren von Flächen nur ein Teil der Viruslast auf die Hände übertragen. Ein reinigendes Wischverfahren kann die Zahl infektiöser Viren bereits um ca. 2 log₁₀-Stufen reduzieren. Deshalb sollten Flächen im öffentlichen Raum grundsätzlich gereinigt werden, da durch die breite Anwendung biozider Wirkstoffe zur Flächendesinfektion der mikrobielle Selektionsdruck ohne zu erwartenden Gesundheitsnutzen weiter ansteigt.

Abstract

Measures to control SARS-CoV-2 often include the regular disinfection of public surfaces. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 detection on surfaces in the surrounding of confirmed cases was evaluated in this systematic review. Overall, 26 studies showed 0 and 100% rates of contamination with SARS-CoV-2 RNA on surfaces in the surrounding of patients. Seven studies with at least 100 samples mostly showed detection rates between 1.4 and 19%. Two other studies did not detect infectious SARS-CoV-2 on any surface. Similar results were obtained from surfaces in the surrounding of confirmed SARS- and influenza-patients. A contamination of public surfaces with infectious virus is considerably less likely because there are much less potential viral spreaders around a surface, the contact time between a person and the surface is much shorter, and the asymptomatic carriers typically have no symptoms. In addition, a hand contact with a contaminated surface transfers only a small part of the viral load. A simple cleaning reduces the number of infectious viruses already by 2 log₁₀-steps. That is why public surfaces should in general be cleaned because the wide use of biocidal agents for surface disinfection further increases the microbial selection pressure without an expectable health benefit.

Schlüsselwörter

SARS-CoV-2 - Flächendesinfektion - Öffentliche Flächen

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2 - surface disinfection - public surfaces

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