Analyse von Muskelverletzungen und „Return-to-Training“ im Elite-Taekwondo – Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Kohortenstudie über einen Zeitraum von 5 Jahren

Johannes Rüther; Maximilian Willauschus; Alexander Hammer; Jörg Schröder; Hermann Josef Bail; Markus Geßlein

doi:10.1055/a-1262-2175

Sportverletzung · Sportschaden, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Sportverletz Sportschaden 2021; 35(01): 52-57
DOI: 10.1055/a-1262-2175

Originalarbeit

Analyse von Muskelverletzungen und „Return-to-Training“ im Elite-Taekwondo – Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Kohortenstudie über einen Zeitraum von 5 Jahren

Analysis of muscle injuries and return-to-training in elite Taekwondo athletes: results of a prospective cohort study over a period of five years

Johannes Rüther

¹Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland

,

Maximilian Willauschus

¹Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland

,

Alexander Hammer

¹Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland

³Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland

,

Jörg Schröder

²Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin

,

Hermann Josef Bail

¹Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland

,

Markus Geßlein

¹Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Deutschland

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Muskelverletzungen finden sich häufig in Sprint- und Kontaktsportarten mit explosiven Bewegungsmustern. Bisher liegen keine detaillierten Daten zu Muskelverletzungen im olympischen Taekwondo vor, obwohl in dieser Sportart die Muskulatur der unteren Extremitäten physiologisch extrem stark beansprucht wird.

Methoden Alle im Training und Wettkampf erlittenen Verletzungen von 76 Athleten eines nationalen olympischen Trainingszentrums wurden über einen Zeitraum von 5 Jahren prospektiv erfasst. Die Daten zur Lokalisation der Muskelverletzungen und dem Zeitraum bis zum „Return-to-Training“ wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Die Klassifikation der Verletzungen erfolgte mittels British Athletes Muscle Injury Classification System im MRT. Der Zusammenhang zwischen den Untergruppen der MRT-Klassifikation und dem Zeitraum bis zum „Return-to-Training“ wurde untersucht.

Ergebnisse Das Durchschnittsalter der Athleten betrug 22,5 ± 3,2 (16–27) Jahre mit einer mittleren Taekwondo-Praxis von 12,1 ± 4,0 (7–20) Jahren. Am häufigsten betroffen war die ischiocrurale Muskelgruppe (48,4 %), gefolgt vom M. quadriceps femoris (32,3 %) und der Wadenmuskulatur (9,6 %). Die Auswertung der MRT-Klassifikation ergab am häufigsten leichtgrade Muskelverletzungen Grad 1 (3,3 %) und 2 (41,9 %). Es zeigte sich eine positive Korrelation (r = 0,56) zwischen den Subgruppen der MRT-Klassifikation und den Ausfallzeiten der Athleten. Der Vergleich der Ausfallzeiten zwischen den Subgruppen war ebenfalls signifikant unterschiedlich (p < 0,0001).

Zusammenfassung Die ischiocrurale Muskelgruppe ist neben dem M. quadriceps im Taekwondo am häufigsten von Muskelverletzungen betroffen. Am häufigsten wurden indirekte, leichtgradige Muskelverletzungen gefunden (Grad 1–2). Die Ausfallzeit nimmt mit zunehmendem Schweregrad der Verletzung im MRT signifikant zu.

Abstract

Background Muscle injuries frequently occur in sports involving explosive movement patterns, and they can cause considerable downtime. There is a lack of detailed data on muscle injuries in Olympic elite Taekwondo.

Methods All injuries sustained by 76 elite Taekwondo athletes from a national Olympic training centre during training and competition were prospectively recorded over a period of five years. Data on muscle injuries, including location and time elapsed until return-to-training, were extracted from medical records. Injuries were diagnosed by means of MRI and were classified according to the British Athletes Muscle Injury System. The relationship between MRI classification subgroups and time elapsed until return-to-training was assessed.

Results Mean age of athletes was 22.5 ± 3.2 (16–27) years with an average Taekwondo experience of 12.1 ± 4.0 (7–20) years. Hamstring muscles were most commonly injured (48.4 %), followed by quadriceps muscles (32.3 %) and calf muscles (9.6 %). The analysis of MRI injury subgroups showed grade 1 (32.2 %) and grade 2 (41.9 %) injuries in most cases. A positive correlation was found between injury groups and return-to-training (r = 0.56). The comparison between different injury groups and time elapsed until return-to-training also revealed significant differences (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Hamstring muscles are the most injured muscles in Taekwondo besides the quadriceps femoris muscle. Most injuries were mild to moderate (grade 1–2). The time needed for return-to-training increased significantly with the severity of injuries diagnosed by MRI.

Schlüsselwörter

Muskelverletzungen - Taekwondo - Verletzungsgrad - Kampfsport - Ausfallzeit

Key words

muscle injury - Taekwondo - injury severity - combat sports - downtime - return-to-training

Volltext

Referenzen

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