Motivation zur Vollblutspende während pandemischer Ereignisse

Zusammenfassung

Auch während Pandemien müssen die Blutspendedienste kontinuierlich BlutspenderInnen rekrutieren, um die Versorgung mit Blutprodukten zu gewährleisten. Während im Anschluss an andere Katastrophen wie Erdbeben oder Terroranschlägen die Spendebereitschaft meist sprunghaft ansteigt, zeigte sich in der Vergangenheit bei beginnenden Pandemien zunächst ein Rückgang des Spendenaufkommens. Viele SpenderInnen fürchten eine Infektion oder eine Schwächung ihres Immunsystems und bleiben zu Hause. Auch fällt es den Blutspendediensten zunächst schwer, die gewohnte Anzahl an mobilen Spendeterminen zu organisieren, wodurch das Spendenaufkommen zurückgeht. In der aktuellen SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie betrug dieser Rückgang in vielen Ländern mehr als 10%. SpenderInnen, die auch während einer Pandemie spenden, sind in der Regel erfahrener und besitzen bereits eine ausgebildete Spenderidentiät. Viele dieser SpenderInnen berichten, dass sie gezielt einen Beitrag zur Überwindung der Krise leisten möchten. Auch während einer Pandemie ist demnach eine hohe Solidarität unter BlutspenderInnen zu finden. Potenzielle ErstspenderInnen lassen sich durch die unsicheren Rahmenbedingungen dagegen von einer Spende eher abhalten und es bedarf gezielter Rekrutierungsstrategien unter Einsatz von Social-Media-Kanälen, um neue SpenderInnen zu gewinnen. Erste Befunde unter deutschen BlutspenderInnen lassen hierbei eine hohe Rückkehrintention der ErstspenderInnen erwarten. Um die Blutversorgung auch während einer Pandemie aufrechterhalten zu können, sollten die Blutspendedienste neben der Rekrutierung von ErstspenderInnen versuchen, schnell die Anzahl ihrer Spendetermine zu erhöhen. Die Ansprache bestehender SpenderInnen sollte vor allem die Verunsicherung reduzieren und das Vertrauen in die Blutspendedienste stärken. Je größer das Vertrauen in die Spendeeinrichtung ausfällt, desto geringer ist die Risikowahrnehmung der SpenderInnen. Auch sollten alternative Kontaktwege etwa über Messengerdienste getestet werden, da diese eine schnelle Ansprache erlauben.

Abstract

During pandemics, the blood services must continuously recruit blood donors to maintain the supply of blood products. While the willingness to donate usually rises after other catastrophes such as earthquakes or terrorist attacks, a decline in the number of donors has been observed at the beginning of previous pandemics. Many donors fear infection or a weakening of their immune system and stay at home. Blood services find it difficult to organise the usual number of mobile donation appointments, which leads to a decline in donations. In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, blood donations declined by more than 10% in many countries. Donors who continue to donate during a pandemic tend to be more experienced and already have an established donor identity. Many of these donors report that they want to contribute to overcoming the crisis. Thus, even during a pandemic, there is a high level of solidarity among blood donors. However, potential first-time donors are more likely to be deterred from donating by the uncertain conditions. Targeted recruitment strategies using social media channels are therefore needed to attract new donors. Initial findings among German blood donors suggest that current first-time donors have a high intention to return. To maintain the blood supply during a pandemic, the blood services should try to recruit first-time donors and quickly increase the number of their mobile donation appointments. Recruitment campaigns for experienced donors should reduce uncertainty and strengthen confidence in blood services. The greater the trust in the blood services, the lower the donorsʼ perception of risk. Alternative contact channels, such as messenger services, should also be tested.

Schlüsselwörter

Blutspende - Motivation - Pandemien - Versorgungsforschung

Key words

blood donation - donor motivation - pandemic - health services research

Publication History

Article published online:
17 February 2021

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