Facial Blood Flow Responses to Dynamic Exercise

Naoyuki Hayashi; Hideaki Kashima; Tsukasa Ikemura

doi:10.1055/a-1244-9870

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Table of Contents

Int J Sports Med 2021; 42(03): 241-245
DOI: 10.1055/a-1244-9870

Physiology & Biochemistry

Facial Blood Flow Responses to Dynamic Exercise

Naoyuki Hayashi

¹Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku

,

Hideaki Kashima

²School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima

,

Tsukasa Ikemura

¹Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku

³College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

We reported previously that a static handgrip exercise evoked regional differences in the facial blood flow. The present study examined whether regional differences in facial blood flow are also evoked during dynamic exercise. Facial blood flow was measured by laser speckle flowgraphy during 15 min of cycling exercise at heart rates of 120 bpm, 140 bpm and 160 bpm in 12 subjects. The facial vascular conductance index was calculated from the blood flow and mean arterial pressure. The regional blood flow and conductance index values were determined in the forehead, eyelid, nose, cheek, ear and lip. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used to examine effects of exercise intensity and target regions. The blood flow and conductance index in skin areas increased significantly with the exercise intensity. The blood flow and conductance index in the lip increased significantly at 120 bpm and 140 bpm compared to the control, while the values in the lip at 160 bpm did not change from the control values. These results suggest that the blood flow in facial skin areas, not in the lip, responds similarly to dynamic exercise, in contrast to the responses to static exercise.

Key words

facial skin circulation - regional difference - temperature

Full Text

References

References
1 Laughlin MH, Davis MJ, Secher NH. et al. Peripheral circulation. Compr Physiol 2012; 2: 321-447
2 ter Steege RWF, Kolkman JJ. Review article: The pathophysiology and management of gastrointestinal symptoms during physical exercise, and the role of splanchnic blood flow. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 516-528
3 Endo MY, Suzuki R, Nagahata N. et al. Differential arterial blood flow response of splanchnic and renal organs during low-intensity cycling exercise in women. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 294: H2322-H2326
4 Rowell LB, Blackmon JR, Bruce RA. Indocyanine green clearance and estimated hepatic blood flow during mild to maximal exercise in upright man. J Clin Invest 1964; 43: 1677-1690
5 Rehrer NJ, Smets A, Reynaert H. et al. Effect of exercise on portal vein blood flow in man. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: 1533-1537
6 Ho CW, Beard JL, Farrell PA. et al. Age, fitness, and regional blood flow during exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1997; 82: 1126-1135
7 Minson CT, Wladkowski SL, Cardell AF. et al. Age alters the cardiovascular response to direct passive heating. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1998; 84: 1323-1332
8 Rowell LB, Blackmon JR, Martin RH. et al. Hepatic clearance of indocyanine green in man under thermal and exercise stresses. J Appl Physiol 1965; 20: 384-394
9 Hayashi N, Endo MY, Someya N. et al. Blood flow in non-muscle tissues and organs during exercise: Nature of splanchnic and ocular circulation. Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 2012; 1: 281-286
10 Hirashita M, Shido O, Tanabe M. Blood flow through the ophthalmic veins during exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1992; 64: 92-97
11 Sato K, Ogoh S, Hirasawa A. et al. The distribution of blood flow in the carotid and vertebral arteries during dynamic exercise in humans. J Physiol 2011; 589: 2847-2856
12 Rasch W, Cabanac M. Vasomotor response of the human face: laser-Doppler measurements during mild hypo- and hyperthermia. Acta Physiol Scand 1993; 147: 431-436
13 White MD, Cabanac M. Physical dilatation of the nostrils lowers the thermal strain of exercising humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1995; 70: 200-206
14 Russell EJ. Functional angiography of the head and neck. Am J Neuroradiol 1986; 7: 927-936
15 Kashima H, Ikemura T, Hayashi N. Regional differences in facial skin blood flow responses to the cold pressor and static handgrip tests. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113: 1035-1041
16 Drummond PD. Facial flushing during provocation in women. Psychophysiology 1999; 36: 325-332
17 Nordin M. Sympathetic discharges in the human supraorbital nerve and their relation to sudo- and vasomotor responses. J Physiol 1990; 423: 241-255
18 Bergersen TK. A search for arteriovenous anastomoses in human skin using ultrasound Doppler. Acta Physiol Scand 1993; 147: 195-201
19 Fox RH, Goldsmith R, Kidd DJ. Cutaneous vasomotor control in the human head, neck and upper chest. J Physiol 1962; 161: 298-312
20 Miyaji A, Hayashi S, Hayashi N. Regional differences in facial skin blood flow responses to thermal stimulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119: 1195-1201
21 Hayashi C, Tokura H. Effects of head cooling on sweat rate in exercising subjects wearing protective clothing and mask for pesticide. Appl Human Sci 1996; 15: 149-154
22 Kato M, Sugenoya J, Matsumoto T. et al. The effects of facial fanning on thermal comfort sensation during hyperthermia. Pflugers Arch 2001; 443: 175-179
23 Mündel T, Bunn SJ, Hooper PL. et al. The effects of face cooling during hyperthermic exercise in man: evidence for an integrated thermal, neuroendocrine and behavioural response. Exp Physiol 2007; 92: 187-195
24 Eda N, Shimizu K, Suzuki S. et al. Effects of high-intensity endurance exercise on epidermal barriers against microbial invasion. J Sports Sci Med 2013; 12: 44-51
25 Harriss DJ, Macsween A, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2020 update. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40: 813-817
26 Wang L, Cull GA, Piper C. et al. Anterior and posterior optic nerve head blood flow in nonhuman primate experimental glaucoma model measured by laser speckle imaging technique and microsphere method. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53: 8303-8309
27 Low DA, Jones H, Cable NT. et al. Historical reviews of the assessment of human cardiovascular function: interrogation and understanding of the control of skin blood flow. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120: 1-16
28 Jones NL, Robertson DG, Kane JW. Difference between end-tidal and arterial PCO2 in exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1979; 47: 954-960
29 Miyaji A, Sugimori K, Hayashi N. Short- and long-term effects of using a facial massage roller on facial skin blood flow and vascular reactivity. Comp Therap Med 2018; 41: 271-276
30 González-Alonso J, Crandall CG, Johnson JM. The cardiovascular challenge of exercising in the heat. J Physiol 2008; 586: 45-53
31 Walløe L. Arterio-venous anastomoses in the human skin and their role in temperature control. Temperature 2016; 3: 92-103
32 Kashima H, Hayashi N. Basic taste stimuli elicit unique responses in facial skin blood flow. PLoS One 2011; 6: e28236
33 Kashima H, Hamada Y, Hayashi N. Palatability of tastes is associated with facial circulatory responses. Chem Senses 2014; 39: 243-248