Narkolepsie im Erwachsenenalter: Definition, Ätiologie und Behandlung

Zusammenfassung

Narkolepsie ist eine Hypersomnolenz-Erkrankung, die mit einer Störung der Wach-Schlaf-Regulation einhergeht. Leitsymptome sind exzessive Tagesschläfrigkeit und Kataplexien. Zudem treten hypnagogene/hypnopompe Halluzinationen, Schlaflähmungen und gestörter Nachtschlaf auf. Es werden zwei Formen unterschieden. Bei der Narkolepsie Typ 1, früher Narkolepsie mit Kataplexie, besteht eine Hypocretin-Defizienz. Die Ursache der Narkolepsie Typ 2, früher Narkolepsie ohne Kataplexie, ist im Wesentlichen ungeklärt. Zur Diagnosestellung ist ein multimodaler Ansatz notwendig. Die Latenz zwischen Erkrankungsbeginn und Diagnosestellung in Europa beträgt im Mittel 14 Jahre. Es bestehen erhebliche Probleme in der Versorgung von Menschen mit Narkolepsie. Die in aller Regel lebenslange Behandlung der Narkolepsie umfasst sowohl nichtmedikamentöse Strategien als auch die symptomatische medikamentöse Behandlung.

Abstract

Narcolepsy is a hypersomnolence disorder of central origin that presents with a disturbance of the wake-sleep regulation. Lead symptoms consist of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Nowadays, two types of narcolepsy are distinguished. Type 1 narcolepsy, formerly known as narcolepsy with cataplexy, is based on hypocretin deficiency. The cause of type 2 narcolepsy, formerly known as narcolepsy without cataplexy, remains mainly unknown. A multimodal approach is necessary for diagnosis. The mean latency between the onset of disease and diagnosis in Europe ranges 14 years. Narcolepsy has a major impact on workability and quality of life. The management of narcolepsy is usually life-long and includes non-pharmacological approaches and a symptomatic pharmacological treatment.

Schlüsselwörter

Narkolepsie - Hypocretin - Solriamfetol - Pitolisant - Methylphenidat - Natrium-Oxybat

Keywords

Narcolepsy - Hypocretin - Solriamfetol - Pitolisant - Methylphenidate - Sodium oxybate

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 26. Juni 2020

Angenommen: 17. August 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
18. Dezember 2020

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