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Geriatrie up2date 2020; 2(04): 271-282
DOI: 10.1055/a-1226-3699
Allgemeine Geriatrie

Mobilität und Sturzprävention bei selbstständig lebenden älteren Menschen

Ellen Freiberger
,
Cornel C. Sieber
,
Katrin Singler
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Mobilität ist ein wesentlicher Faktor im Selbstständigkeitserhalt und im „gesunden“ Altern. Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt das Risiko einer Mobilitätseinschränkung. Auch Stürze stellen für den älteren Menschen ein einschneidendes Erlebnis dar und können nicht nur physische Konsequenzen wie Verletzungen haben, sondern auch psychische Konsequenzen wie Sturzangst mit negativen Verhaltensanpassungen bewirken, z. B. sich weniger zu bewegen.
Kernaussagen

  • Mobilitätseinschränkungen gehen mit einem höheren Gesundheits- und Mortalitätsrisiko einher. Mobilität muss ganzheitlich im Zusammenspiel von Individuum und Umwelt gesehen werden. Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt das Risiko einer Mobilitätseinschränkung.

  • Besonders der hochbetagte Mensch ist von Mobilitätseinschränkungen betroffen. Der demografische Wandel bringt einen steigenden Anteil hochbetagter Menschen (über 80 Jahre) mit sich. Auch das Geschlechterverhältnis wird sich in Zukunft verändern und der Anteil älterer Männer in dieser Altersgruppe steigen.

  • Stürze stellen für den älteren Menschen ein Ereignis dar, das die Selbstständigkeit gefährdet. Stürze können nicht nur physische, sondern auch psychische Konsequenzen haben und eine Reduzierung der Lebensqualität nach sich ziehen. Für den Kliniker ist es besonders wichtig, die unterschiedlichen Wahrnehmungen eines Sturzes von älteren Menschen zu berücksichtigen.

  • Alle 11 Sekunden wird ein älterer Patient in einer Notaufnahme wegen eines Sturzereignisses behandelt. Stürze sind bei älteren Menschen nicht nur die häufigste Ursache für Traumata, 20% der Stürze resultieren in schwerwiegenden Verletzungen.

  • Sturzrisiken sind multidimensional und beinhalten intrinsische und extrinsische, aber auch verhaltensbezogene Faktoren. Deshalb ist eine reine Fokussierung auf die physiologischen Risikofaktoren nicht ausreichend, und die sturzbezogenen psychologischen Bedenken und kognitiven Einflüsse sollten immer im klinischen Alltag mitberücksichtigt werden.

  • Effektive Trainingsprogramme zur Reduzierung von Stürzen sollten 50 Einheiten beinhalten und ein progressives Kraft- sowie ein anspruchsvolles Gleichgewichtstraining enthalten.



Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
22. Oktober 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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