Gesundheitliche Aspekte an Bord von Luftfahrzeugen

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Jedes Jahr reisen fast 4 Mrd. Menschen mit kommerziell betriebenen Flugzeugen durch die Welt. Statistisch ereignet sich pro 20 000 Passagiere ein medizinischer Zwischenfall an Bord eines Luftfahrzeugs. Medizinisches Personal sieht sich mit veränderten Umgebungsbedingungen, Unterschieden der medizinischen Ressourcen und Patienten mit steigendem Lebensalter und Komorbiditäten konfrontiert. Die Prävention von Infektionen wird einen besonderen Stellenwert einnehmen. Es gibt keine einheitliche Datenerhebung zu medizinischen Notfällen in Flugzeugen. Die häufigsten Symptome sind gastrointestinale Erkrankungen (ca. 33 %), Kreislaufkollaps (ca. 33 %), das akute Koronarsyndrom (ca. 8 %), zerebrale Krampfanfälle (ca. 6 %), Schlaganfälle (2 %) sowie Kopfschmerzen. Der medizinische Notfall über den Wolken stellt alle Beteiligten vor große Herausforderungen, sodass es weiterer Forschung, erweiterter Trainings für das Kabinenpersonal und Mediziner sowie einer landesübergreifend einheitlichen Bestückung des (erweiterten) Notfallequipments bedarf.

ABSTRACT

Every year, approximately 4 billion people worldwide travel by commercial air transport. 1 out of 20 000 passengers will experience acute medical problems/emergencies during a flight. When in-flight medical emergencies occur, health care providers should understand environmental and physiological factors, mind medical resources on board and take into account, that passengers. Most in-flight medical emergencies were related to gastrointestinal symptoms (33 %), syncope (33 %), acute coronary syndrome (8 %), seizures (6 %), apoplexy (2 %), as well as headaches. In-flight medical emergencies occur with relative frequency. Medical staff should be prepared to render care while traveling and must also be aware of the medically austere environment, its related limitations on prudent practice, and the associated liabilities surrounding the delivery of in-flight medical care.

Key words

medical emergencies - hypobaric hypoxia - fitness to fly - SARS-CoV-2

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