Der Placeboeffekt in der Schmerztherapie – für den klinischen Alltag nutzbar? Ja, unbedingt!

Zusammenfassung

Als Placeboeffekte bezeichnet man positive physiologische oder psychologische Veränderungen, die nach einer Einnahme von Medikamenten ohne spezifischen Wirkstoff oder Scheineingriffen auftreten und durch Erwartungs- und Konditionierungsprozesse induziert werden. Die mit Placeboeffekten einhergehenden neurobiologischen und peripher-physiologischen Vorgänge können auch bei der Vergabe von wirkstoffhaltigen Medikamenten eine wichtige Rolle spielen und sind somit nicht zwingend an die Gabe eines Scheinmedikamentes gebunden. Die Darreichung von „traditionellen“ Placebos ist im klinischen Alltag aus juristischen und ethischen Gründen höchst problematisch. Dieser Beitrag zeigt neben neuen Erkenntnissen zu offenen Placebo-Anwendungen (Open-Label Placebos) Wege auf, wie die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen von Placeboantworten dennoch gezielt im schmerztherapeutischen Alltag genutzt werden können, um die Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Compliance bestehender pharmakologischer und anderer Therapien zum Wohle des Patienten zu optimieren.

Abstract

Placebo effects are defined as positive physiological or psychological changes that occur after either taking pills without a specific active ingredient or after receiving sham interventions. The underlying mechanisms are based on expectation and conditioning effects. The neurobiological and peripheral physiological processes associated with placebo effects can also play an important role in pharmacological treatments and are therefore not necessarily linked to the use of a sham drug or intervention. In clinical settings, the use of “traditional” placebos is highly problematic for both legal and ethical reasons. In addition to recent scientific findings on open-label placebo applications, this article offers suggestions on how to harness analgesic placebo effects by utilising their underlying mechanisms to optimise the effectiveness, tolerability and compliance of existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for the patient’s benefit.

Schlüsselwörter

Placebo-Effekt - Schmerzmedizin - Placeboanalgesie

Key words

Placebo effect - Pain management - Placeboanalgesia

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
26. August 2020

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