PSYCH up2date 2021; 15(04): 305-320
DOI: 10.1055/a-1161-4041
Angststörungen, Zwangsstörungen und stressassoziierte Störungen

Update zur körperdysmorphen Störung – Klassifikation, Störungsmechanismen und Behandlung

Katrin Schoenenberg
,
Alexandra Martin
1   Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal
› Author Affiliations

Unzufriedenheit mit dem Aussehen kennen viele Menschen. Wenn die Gedanken um das Erscheinungsbild ständig auftreten und die eigene Lebensführung einschränken, spricht man von einer körperdysmorphen Störung. Obwohl Betroffene sehr leiden, wird Hilfe oft nicht durch Psychotherapie vermutet. Bestehende kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlungsansätze können die Symptomatik jedoch erfolgreich reduzieren.



Publication History

Article published online:
14 July 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013
  • 2 Kollei I, Rauh E, de Zwaan M. Körperbildstörungen bei körperdysmorpher Störung und Essstörungen. Wo bestehen Unterschiede und wo bestehen Gemeinsamkeiten?. Z Klin Psychol Psychother 2013; et al. 42: 172-183
  • 3 Schieber K, Martin A. Die körperdysmorphe Störung: aktuelle Entwicklungen zu Diagnostik, Störungswissen und Therapie. PSYCH up2d 2016; 10: 31-42
  • 4 Angelakis I, Gooding PA, Panagioti M. Suicidality in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD): A systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 49: 55-66
  • 5 Phillips KA. Psychosis in body dysmorphic disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2004; 38: 63-72
  • 6 International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (Version 09.2020). https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en
  • 7 Veale D, Bewley A. Body dysmorphic disorder. BMJ 2015; 350: h2278
  • 8 Oosthuizen P, Lambert T, Castle DJ. Dysmorphic Concern: Prevalence and associations with clinical variables. Aust N Z J Psych 1998; 32: 129-132
  • 9 Schieber K, Kollei I, de Zwaan M. The dysmorphic concern questionnaire in the German general population: psychometric properties and normative data. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018; et al. 42: 1412-1420
  • 10 Phillips KA. The broken mirror: understanding and treating body dysmorphic disorder. Oxford: University Press; 2005
  • 11 Brunhoeber S, Maes J. Diagnostik der Körperdysmorphen Störung. Diagnostica 2007; 53: 17-32
  • 12 Buhlmann U, Wilhelm S, Glaesmer H. Fragebogen körperdysmorpher Symptome (FKS): Ein Screening-Instrument. Verhaltensther 2009; et al. 19: 237-242
  • 13 Phillips KA, Hollander E, Rasmussen SA. A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997; et al. 33: 17-22
  • 14 Brunhoeber S. Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Körperdysmorpher Störung. Ein Therapiemanual. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2009
  • 15 Buhlmann U. The German version of the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS): Development and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55: 1968-1971
  • 16 Hartmann AS. Der Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire. Diagnostica 2019; 65: 142-152
  • 17 Grocholewski A, Tuschen-Caf fier B, Margraf J. Überzeugungen über das Erscheinungsbild. Eine Fragebogenvalidierung. Z Klin Psychol Psychother 2011; et al. 40: 85-93
  • 18 Clement U, Löwe B. FKB-20: Fragebogen zum Körperbild. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 1996
  • 19 Schmidt J, Martin A. „Du magst mich nicht, weil ich hässlich bin“ Aussehensbezogene Zurückweisungssensitivität und Validierung der deutschsprachigen Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity-Scale (ARS-D). Z Klin Psy Psychother 2017; 46: 157-168
  • 20 Schieber K, Kollei I, de Zwaan M. Classification of body dysmorphic disorder – what is the advantage of the new DSM-5 criteria?. J Psychosom Res 2015; et al. 78: 223-227
  • 21 Chosak A, Marques L, Greenberg JL. Body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Similarities, differences and the classification debate. Expert Rev Neurother 2008; 8: 1209-1218
  • 22 Kollei I, Schieber K, de Zwaan M. Body dysmorphic disorder and nonweight-related body image concerns in individuals with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2013; et al. 46: 52-59
  • 23 Kollei I, Brunhoeber S, Rauh E. Body image, emotions and thought control strategies in body dysmorphic disorder compared to eating disorders and healthy controls. J Psychosom Res 2012; et al. 72: 321-327
  • 24 Phillips KA, Menard W, Fay C. Demographic characteristics, phenomenology, comorbidity, and family history in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosom 2005; et al. 46: 317-325
  • 25 Hartmann AS, Greenberg JL, Wilhelm S. The relationship between anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33: 675-685
  • 26 Rabe-Jablonska Jolanta J, Sobow Tomasz M. The links between body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2000; 15: 302-305
  • 27 Veale D, Gledhill LJ, Christodoulou P. Body dysmorphic disorder in different settings: A systematic review and estimated weighted prevalence. Body Image 2016; et al. 18: 168-186
  • 28 Bjornsson AS, Didie ER, Grant JE. Age at onset and clinical correlates in body dysmorphic disorder. Compr Psych 2013; et al. 54: 893-903
  • 29 Phillips KA, Menard W, Fay C. Gender similarities and differences in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Compr Psych 2006; 47: 77-87
  • 30 Monzani B, Rijsdijk F, Anson M. A twin study of body dysmorphic concerns. Psychol Med 2012; et al. 42: 1949-1955
  • 31 Veale D, Neziroglu F. Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Treatment Manual. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2010
  • 32 Wilhelm S. Feeling good about the Way you look: A program for overcoming Body Image Problems. New York: Guilford; 2006
  • 33 Buhlmann U, Wilhelm S, McNally RJ. Interpretive biases for ambiguous information in body dysmorphic disorder. CNS Spectr 2002; et al. 7: 435-443
  • 34 Buhlmann U, Wacker R, Dziobek I. Inferring other people's states of mind: comparison across social anxiety, body dysmorphic, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. J Anxiety Disord 2015; 34: 107-113
  • 35 Buhlmann U, McNally RJ, Etcoff NL. Emotion recognition deficits in body dysmorphic disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2004; et al. 38: 201-206
  • 36 Buhlmann U, Etcoff NL, Wilhelm S. Emotion recognition bias for contempt and anger in body dysmorphic disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2006; 40: 105-111
  • 37 Buhlmann U, Etcoff NL, Wilhelm S. Facial attractiveness ratings and perfectionism in body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2008; 22: 540-547
  • 38 Anson M, Veale D, de Silva P. Social-evaluative versus self-evaluative appearance concerns in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Behav Res Ther 2012; 50: 753-760
  • 39 Toh WL, Castle DJ, Rossell SL. Attentional biases in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD): Eye-tracking using the emotional Stroop task. Compr Psych 2017; 74: 151-161
  • 40 Rossell SL, Labuschagne I, Dunai J. Using theories of delusion formation to explain abnormal beliefs in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). Psychiatry Res 2014; et al. 215: 599-605
  • 41 Greenberg JL, Reuman L, Hartmann AS. Visual hot spots: An eye tracking study of attention bias in body dysmorphic disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2014; et al. 57: 125-132
  • 42 Kollei I, Horndasch S, Erim Y. Visual selective attention in body dysmorphic disorder, bulimia nervosa and healthy controls. J Psychosom Res 2017; et al. 92: 26-33
  • 43 Dunai J, Labuschagne I, Castle DJ. Executive function in body dysmorphic disorder. Psychol Med 2010; et al. 40: 1541-1548
  • 44 Deckersbach T, Savage CR, Phillips KA. Characteristics of memory dysfunction in body dysmorphic disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2000; et al. 6: 673-681
  • 45 Kollei I, Martin A. Body-related cognitions, affect and post-event processing in body dysmorphic disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psy 2014; 45: 44-151
  • 46 Summers BJ. Cougle JR. An experimental test of the role of appearance-related safety behaviors in body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety, and body dissatisfaction. J Abnorm Psychol 2018; 127: 770-780
  • 47 Wilver NL, Summers BJ, Cougle JR. Effects of safety behavior fading on appearance concerns and related symptoms. J Consult Clin Psychol 2020; 88: 65-74
  • 48 Schulte J, Schulz C, Wilhelm S. Treatment utilization and treatment barriers in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2020; et al. 20: 1-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02489-0.
  • 49 Kollei I, Martin A, Rein K. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in a German psychiatric inpatient sample. Psychiatry Res 2011; et al. 189: 153-155
  • 50 Bowyer L, Krebs G, Mataix-Cols D. A critical review of cosmetic treatment outcomes in body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image 2016; et al. 19: 1-8
  • 51 Crerand CE, Phillips KA, Menard W. Nonpsychiatric medical treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics 2005; et al. 46: 549-555
  • 52 Crerand CE, Menard W, Phillips KA. Surgical and minimally invasive cosmetic procedures among persons with body dysmorphic disorder. Ann Plast Surg 2010; 65: 11-16
  • 53 Woolley AJ, Perry JD. Body Dysmorphic Disorder: prevalence and outcomes in an oculofacial plastic surgery practice. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 156: 1058-1064
  • 54 Phillipou A, Rossell SL, Wilding HE. Randomised controlled trials of psychological & pharmacological treatments for body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2016; et al. 245: 179-185
  • 55 Phillips KA, Hollander E. Treating body dysmorphic disorder with medication: Evidence, misconceptions, and a suggested approach. Body Image 2008; 5: 13-27
  • 56 Phillips KA, Keshaviah A, Dougherty DD. Pharmacotherapy relapse prevention in body dysmorphic disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2016; et al. 173: 887-895
  • 57 Harrison A, de la Cruz LF, Enander J. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; et al. 48: 43-51
  • 58 Enander J, Andersson E, Mataix-Cols D. Therapist guided internet based cognitive behavioural therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: single blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2016; et al. 352: i241
  • 59 Enander J, Ljótsson B, Anderhell L. Long-term outcome of therapist-guided internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD-NET): A naturalistic 2-year follow-up after a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; et al. 9: e024307
  • 60 Wilhelm S, Phillips KA, Steketee G. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder. A Treatment Manual. New York: Guilford Press; 2013
  • 61 Mohajerin B, Bakhtiyar M, Olesnycky OS. Application of a transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders to body dysmorphic disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2019; et al. 245: 637-644
  • 62 Ritter V, Stangier U. Process-based therapy of body dysmorphic disorder. New perspectives for the treatment. Psychotherapeut 2020; 65: 79-85