Risikofaktoren für Chemotherapie-assoziierte venöse Thrombosen bei gynäkoonkologischen Patientinnen

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Venöse Thrombosen und deren Folgen zählen zu den Haupttodesursachen bei Patienten mit Tumorerkrankungen. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Analyse von Risikofaktoren sowie die Evaluation der Anwendbarkeit zweier Risikoscores an einem rein gynäkoonkologischen Patientinnenkollektiv. Mit der Identifikation von Hochrisikopatientinnen für das Auftreten von venösen Thrombosen könnte die Durchführung einer gezielten medikamentösen Thromboseprophylaxe mit hohem Nutzen bei gleichzeitig geringem Risiko ermöglicht werden.

Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Fallkontrollstudie an 152 Patientinnen, die sich zwischen 2006 und 2013 in onkologischer Behandlung an der Frauenklinik der Universitätsmedizin Mainz befanden, wurden die Daten von 104 Patientinnen mit Mamma-, 26 mit Ovarial- und 22 mit Zervixkarzinom untersucht. 76 Probandinnen der Fallgruppe, die während der Chemotherapie eine venöse Thrombose erlitten hatten, wurde eine Kontrolle zugeordnet, die in den Punkten Tumorlokalisation, Alter, Lymphknotenbefall, Metastasierung und Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose übereinstimmte. Mittels χ²-Test, t-Test, Mann-Whitney-U-Test und einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse wurden die Gruppenunterschiede analysiert.

Ergebnisse Für eine fehlende stationäre Thromboseprophylaxe (p = 0,014), erhöhte Leukozytenzahlen (p = 0,018) vor Beginn der Chemotherapie und Portsysteme (p = 0,032) zeigten sich deutliche Gruppenunterschiede. Operative Eingriffe wurden als unabhängiger Risikofaktor bestätigt (p≤ 0,001). Khorana- und Protecht-Score gingen nicht als unabhängige Prädiktoren für eine Thrombose aus der Analyse hervor. In der Fallgruppe sind mehr Patientinnen verstorben als in der Kontrollgruppe (p = 0,028; OR: 8,1; 95 %-KI: 1,254–52,162).

Fazit Operationen stellen in diesem Patientenkollektiv einen unabhängigen Risikofaktor für venöse Thrombosen dar. Daneben zeigte sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen einer stationären Thromboseprophylaxe, Leukozytose sowie Portsystemen und einem erhöhten Thromboserisiko. Weder Khorana- noch Protecht-Score waren unabhängige Risikofaktoren für venöse Thrombosen. Deutlich mehr Thrombosepatientinnen sind im Beobachtungszeitraum verstorben.

Abstract

Introduction Venous thromboses and their consequences are among the main causes of death in patients with tumour diseases. The objective of this study is the analysis of risk factors and the evaluation of the applicability of two risk scores in a purely gynaecological oncology patient collective. The identification of patients at high risk for the occurrence of venous thromboses could enable the implementation of targeted medication-based thrombosis prophylaxis which has a significant benefit and, simultaneously, a low risk.

Materials and Methods A retrospective case-control study on 152 patients who were undergoing oncological treatment in the Department of Gynaecology of the Mainz University Medical Centre between 2006 and 2013 investigated the data from 104 patients with breast, 26 with ovarian and 22 with cervical cancer. A control was assigned to 76 subjects in the case group who suffered a venous thrombosis during chemotherapy and this control coincided in the points of tumour location, age, lymph node involvement, metastasis and time of initial diagnosis. The group differences were analysed using the χ² test, t test, Mann-Whitney-U test and a logistic regression analysis.

Results There were clear group differences in the lack of inpatient thrombosis prophylaxis (p = 0.014), elevated leukocyte counts (p = 0.018) prior to the start of chemotherapy and port systems (p = 0.032). Surgical interventions were confirmed to be an independent risk factor (p ≤ 0.001). The Khorana and Protecht scores did not emerge from the analysis as independent predictors for a thrombosis. More patients died in the case group than in the control group (p = 0.028; OR: 8.1; CI: 1.254–52.162).

Conclusion In this patient collective, surgeries represent an independent risk factor for venous thromboses. In addition, a correlation was seen between inpatient thrombosis prophylaxis, leukocytosis as well as port systems and an increased risk of thrombosis. Neither the Khorana nor the Protecht score were independent risk factors for venous thromboses. Significantly more thrombosis patients died during the observation period.

Schlüsselwörter

Thrombose - gynäkologische Tumoren - Chemotherapie - Operationen

Key words

thrombosis - gynaecological cancer - chemotherapy - operations

Publication History

Received: 28 May 2018

Accepted: 15 January 2019

Article published online:
26 February 2020

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