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Planta Med 2020; 86(04): 267-275
DOI: 10.1055/a-1087-8303
Biological and Pharmacological Activity
Original Papers
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Antiviral Activity of a Arisaema Tortuosum Leaf Extract and Some of its Constituents against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

Massimo Rittà‡
1   Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
,
Arianna Marengo‡
2   Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
,
Andrea Civra
1   Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
,
David Lembo
1   Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
,
Cecilia Cagliero
2   Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
,
Kamal Kant
3   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
,
Uma Ranjan Lal
3   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
,
Patrizia Rubiolo
2   Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
,
Manik Ghosh
3   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
,
Manuela Donalisio
1   Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
› Author AffiliationsSupported by: Silvana Legnani
Further Information

Publication History

received 18 July 2019
revised 19 December 2019

accepted 31 December 2019

Publication Date:
22 January 2020 (online)

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Abstract

Infections caused by HSV-2 are a public health concern worldwide, and there is still a great demand for the discovery of novel anti-herpes virus agents effective against strains resistant to current antiviral agents. In this context, medicinal plants represent an alternative source of active compounds for developing efficient antiviral therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of Arisaema tortuosum, a plant used in the traditional medicine of India. A chloroform soluble fraction of the leaves exhibited anti-HSV-2 activity with a selectivity index of 758. The extract was also active against acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 and HSV-1. The mechanism of action of the extract was investigated evidencing inhibition of both early and late events of the HSV-2 replicative cycle. A HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of flavonoids including apigenin and luteolin in the chloroform extract (CE). Apigenin and luteolin showed a high inhibitory activity with EC50 values of 0.05 and 0.41 µg/mL, respectively. Both compounds exhibited antiviral activity when added up to 6 h post infection and were able to reduce the viral progeny production. In addition, apigenin interfered with cell-to-cell virus spread.

Key words

Arisaema tortuosum - Araceae - HSV-2 - antiviral activity - apigenin - luteolin

Supporting Information

    UV spectrum, mass spectrum, and PIS analysis of the main peak in the extract (Fig. 1S); evaluation of inactivation of HSV-2 particles by apigenin and luteolin (Fig. 2S); HSV-2 attachment and entry assays for apigenin and luteolin (Fig. 3S); schematic representation of the extraction procedure adopted for A. tortuosum leaves and tubers (Fig. 4S); and SRM profiles of luteolin and apigenin (Fig. 5S) are available as Supporting Information.

  • Supporting Information
 

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