Optoakustische Bildgebung – Licht rein, Schall raus?

Zusammenfassung

Die optoakustische Bildgebung ist eine neuartige Bildgebungsmodalität, welche auf der Aufzeichnung und Verarbeitung von Ultraschallsignalen basiert, die im Gewebe durch Absorption von Laserlicht entstehen. Die Methode vereint guten, auf Lichtabsorption beruhenden Kontrast mit hoher Eindringtiefe und ermöglicht sowohl morphologische als auch molekulare und funktionelle Bildgebung. Sie kann mit oder ohne Kontrastmittel eingesetzt werden und ist frei von ionisierender Strahlung. Darüber hinaus ist die Technik skalierbar und kann somit zur makroskopischen, mesoskopischen und mikroskopischen Bildgebung verwendet werden.

In den letzten Jahren wurden eine Reihe verschiedener Systeme zur optoakustischen Bildgebung entwickelt und in vielfältigen Bereichen der präklinischen und klinischen Forschung eingesetzt. In der Dermatologie zeigten sich vielversprechende Anwendungsgebiete der Optoakustik insbesondere in der Untersuchung von Melanomen, Wächterlymphknoten und nicht-melanozytärem Hautkrebs sowie in der Charakterisierung von entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen.

In diesem Review sollen die technischen Grundlagen der optoakustischen Bildgebung erläutert sowie der derzeitige Stand der Forschung hinsichtlich Anwendungsbereiche makroskopischer, mesoskopischer und mikroskopischer optoakustischer Systeme beschrieben und diskutiert werden.

Abstract

Optoacoustic imaging is a novel imaging modality based on the acquisition and processing of ultrasound signals generated by absorption of laser light within tissue. This method combines optical absorption contrast with high contrast deep in tissue and allows for morphological as well as molecular and functional imaging. Optoacoustic imaging can be performed label free or with contrast dyes and is non-ionizing. The technique is furthermore scalable which means that it can be used for macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic imaging.

In recent years several optoacoustic systems have been developed and used in a variety of fields in both preclinical and clinical research. Promising fields of application in dermatology include the examination of melanomas, sentinel lymph nodes and non-melanoma skin cancer as well as the characterization of inflammatory skin diseases.

In this review we explain the technical basics of optoacoustic imaging and describe and discuss the current state of research in macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic optoacoustic systems.

^* Gleichwertiger Beitrag

Publication History

Article published online:
05 March 2020

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