Auswirkungen hoher Umgebungstemperaturen auf laktierende Milchkühe – unter praxisüblichen Bedingungen in Norddeutschland von Bedeutung?

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Erhebung quantitativer Daten zu Auswirkungen von hohen Umgebungstemperaturen auf Milchkühe unter praxisüblichen Bedingungen in Süd-Niedersachsen.

Material und Methoden Im Milchviehbestand des Lehr- und Forschungsgutes Ruthe der Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover wurden im Sommer 2018 (Mitte Juli bis Ende September) die stallklimatischen Bedingungen erfasst und die Futteraufnahme und Milchleistung der Herde sowie die Atemfrequenz und Rektaltemperatur von ausgewählten Kühen (n = 10) als Indikatoren für Hitzestress ermittelt. Darüber hinaus erfolgten Temperaturmessungen im Futter (Silagen, Teil-TMR) und in den Futterresten.

Ergebnisse Trotz der bereits zu Beginn des Beobachtungszeitraumes recht hohen Außentemperaturen (19,6–23,0° C im Tagesmittel) traten während einer Hitzeperiode (bis zu 27,9° C im Tagesmittel) deutliche Reduktionen in der Trockensubstanzaufnahme aus der Teil-TMR (ca. –15 %) und der Milchleistung (ca. –8 %) auf. Es bestand eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen der Trockensubstanzaufnahme aus der Teil-TMR und dem Temperature Humidity Index im Stall (Tagesmittelwert) sowie eine signifikante positive Korrelation zwischen der Trockensubstanzaufnahme aus der Teil-TMR und der Milchleistung. Diese Beziehungen waren jeweils besonders eng, wenn die Auswertung um 1 Tag versetzt erfolgte (Korrelationskoeffizienten nach Spearman: –0,774 und 0,766 bzw. –0,796 und 0,800; p < 0,0001). An Tagen mit hohen Außentemperaturen ließ sich bei einem erheblichen Anteil der untersuchten Einzeltiere (bis zu 100 %) eine Hyperthermie (> 39° C) feststellen.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass Hitzestress bei Milchkühen in den Sommermonaten auch in hiesigen Regionen unter extremen klimatischen Bedingungen in erheblichem Umfang auftritt und mit deutlichen Leistungseinbußen einhergehen kann. Aufgrund der aus der Literatur bekannten weitreichenden Konsequenzen von Hitzestress für die Tiergesundheit und das Leistungsniveau verdient die zeitweise hohe Frequenz des Auftretens einer Hyperthermie bei laktierenden Kühen in dieser Studie Beachtung. Für die tierärztliche Praxis ist die Differenzierung zwischen hyperthermischen und fieberhaften Zuständen unter diesen Bedingungen von besonderer Bedeutung.

Abstract

Objective The aim of the presented study was to gather quantitative data regarding the impact of high ambient temperatures on dairy cows under practical conditions in southern Lower Saxony.

Material and methods In summer 2018 (from mid of July to end of September), the climatic conditions in the dairy barn as well as the temperatures of feeds (silages and partial mixed ration, PMR) and feed leftovers were recorded on the Farm for Education and Research of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover in Ruthe. Furthermore, daily dry matter intake (of PMR) and milk yield on herd basis as well as respiration rate and rectal temperature of 10 selected cows were measured as indicators for heat stress.

Results During a heat period (daily average temperature up to 27.9° C) dry matter intake (PMR) and milk yield were reduced by about 15 % and 8 %, respectively although ambient temperatures had already been relatively high at the beginning of the observation period (daily average temperature between 19.6 and 23.0° C). Daily dry matter intake of PMR was negatively correlated with daily average temperature-humidity index in the barn (Spearman’s correlation coefficient: –0.774, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with daily milk yield (Spearman’s correlation coefficient: 0.766, p < 0.0001). Correlation coefficients were slightly higher when a 1-day time lag was considered (Spearman’s correlation coefficient: –0.796 and 0.800, respectively; p < 0.0001). During the heat period hyperthermia (> 39° C) was frequently recorded in lactating cows (up to 100 %).

Conclusion and clinical relevance The presented results indicate that heat stress in dairy cows may occur to a considerable extent under extreme climatic conditions also in the region of Northern Germany. In consequence, this is associated with a significant decrease in performance. As severe and long-lasting effects of heat stress on health and performance of dairy cows are well described in the literature, especially the temporarily high prevalence of hyperthermia should be taken seriously. Under these circumstances, differentiating between hyperthermia and fever is of special importance for veterinary practitioners.

Schlüsselwörter

Rind - Hitzestress - Temperature-Humidity-Index - Rektaltemperatur - Atemfrequenz - Hyperthermie

Key words

Cattle - heat stress - rectal temperature - temperature-humidity index - respiratory rate - hyperthermia

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 09. Mai 2019

Angenommen: 06. Oktober 2019

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
14. Februar 2020

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