E-Zigarettenkonsum und späterer Konsum konventioneller Zigaretten

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Es sollte untersucht werden, ob der vorherige E-Zigarettenkonsum das spätere Probieren konventioneller Zigaretten vorhersagt.

Methode Im Schuljahr 2016/2017 nahmen in den Bundesländern Baden-Württemberg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein und Sachsen 2388 Kinder und Jugendliche, die nie zuvor konventionelle Zigaretten geraucht haben, über 2 Jahre an einer Fragebogenstudie teil (mittleres Alter = 11,8 Jahre, SD = 1,21; 49,6 % weiblich).

Ergebnisse Zur Eingangserhebung gaben 85 Schülerinnen und Schüler (3,6 %) an, schon einmal E-Zigaretten probiert zu haben. Im Beobachtungszeitraum begannen 430 der ehemals nie rauchenden Jugendlichen (18,0 %) mit konventionellen Zigaretten zu experimentieren. Auch nach statistischer Kontrolle von Alter, Geschlecht, Migrationshintergrund, „Sensation Seeking“, subjektiver Schulleistung, Alkoholkonsum, sozioökonomischem Status und Schulart war das relative Risiko für das Experimentieren bei Nutzern von E-Zigaretten um 85 % erhöht (adjustiertes relatives Risiko = 1,85, 95 % KI [1, 34 – 2,56]). Weiterführende Analysen zeigten, dass das Risiko insbesondere für Jugendliche mit niedrigem „Sensation Seeking“ erhöht war.

Schlussfolgerungen Jugendliche experimentierten häufiger mit konventionellen Zigaretten, wenn sie zuvor E-Zigaretten konsumiert hatten. Diese Assoziation scheint stärker für Jugendliche zu sein, die ein generell niedrigeres Risiko haben, mit dem Rauchen zu beginnen.

Abstract

Aim The aim was to investigate whether e-cigarette use predicts later experimentation with conventional cigarettes.

Methods During the 2016/2017 school year, 2,388 children and adolescents from Baden-Württemberg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Schleswig-Holstein and Saxony who had never smoked conventional cigarettes before took part in a survey over a 2-year period (mean age 11.8 years, SD = 1.21; 49.6 % female).

Results At baseline, 85 pupils (3.6 %) reported that they had already tried e-cigarettes at least once. By the end of the observational period, 430 of the sample had tried conventional cigarettes (18.0 %). After statistical control for age, sex, migration background, type of school, socioeconomic status, sensation-seeking, alcohol use, and school performance, the adjusted relative risk of experimentation with conventional cigarettes was 85 % higher (adjusted relative risk = 1.85, 95 % CI [1.34 – 2.56]) for pupils who had used e-cigarettes at baseline. Further analyses revealed that the risk was higher among adolescents with low sensation-seeking scores.

Conclusion Among young never-smokers, experimentation with conventional cigarettes is more common in those who used e-cigarettes before than among those who have not tried e-cigarettes before. This effect seems to be stronger among adolescents who, in general, have a lower risk of starting to smoke.

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