Nervenheilkunde 2020; 39(01/02): 10-18
DOI: 10.1055/a-1037-2102
Schwerpunkt
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Untersuchung des Dickdarm-Mikrobioms in der klinischen Forschung

Implikationen einer FeldbeobachtungAnalyzing the gut microbiome in clinical researchImplications from a field observation study
Andreas Hiergeist
1   Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
*   Gleichwertige Erstautorenschaft
,
André Manook
2   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Regensburg
*   Gleichwertige Erstautorenschaft
,
André Gessner
1   Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
,
Rainer Rupprecht
2   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Regensburg
,
Thomas C. Baghai
2   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Regensburg
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
12 February 2020 (online)

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Gegenstand und Ziel: Analysen des Dickdarm-Mikrobioms sind ein international zunehmend intensiver untersuchter Forschungsschwerpunkt. Die zahlreichen Schwierigkeiten solcher Studien sind oft nicht bekannt, worauf hier vermehrt aufmerksam gemacht werden soll. Antidepressiva und Antibiotika zeigen teils ähnliche Wirkmechanismen, weshalb erneut psychiatrische Indikationen für Antibiotika geprüft werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigen wir Daten einer Feldbeobachtung an der Universität Regensburg.

Material und Methoden: 179 Teilnehmer spendeten eine Stuhlprobe und füllten das Regensburg Microbiome Questionnaire (ReMBiQ) aus. Das bakterielle Mikrobiom aller Stuhlproben wurde mittels 16S-rRNA-Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung analysiert. Anhand des ReMBiQ wurde eine Subkohorte ausgewählt: Zu einer Teilnehmerin mit seit 18 Monaten behandelter MDR-Tuberkulose wurden 4 gesunde Kontrollen anhand zahlreicher und für das Dickdarm-Mikrobiom relevanter Kriterien ausgewählt.

Ergebnisse: Mikrobiomtypische Parameter wie Alpha- und Beta-Diversität grenzten die Teilnehmerinnen innerhalb der Subkohorte klar voneinander ab. Hierbei half auch die Messung absoluter Bakterienmengen mittels spike-in-based calibration to total microbial load (SCML). Insgesamt fiel im Vergleich insbesondere eine deutliche Zunahme der Gattung Bacteroides auf, die mit 94,5 % dominierte.

Schlussfolgerungen: Unterschiedliche Ergebnisse bei gleichen oder ähnlichen, starken Eingriffen im Dickdarm, verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit strenger methodischer Standards. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Beobachtung vergleichsweise kleiner Effektgrößen in den Neurowissenschaften.

Klinische Relevanz: Die neurowissenschaftliche Bewertung des Dickdarm-Mikrobioms unter kombiniert antidepressiv-antimikrobieller Therapie wird wichtige Hinweise auf die Wirksamkeit neuer Therapieformen liefern.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Analyzing the gut microbiome is a highly demanded research topic all over the world. Its application however comes with many challenges that are often little known. To create an awareness for these obstacles is one of the aims of this work. Antidepressants and antibiotics show partly similar mechanisms of action. Hence, antibiotics are, once again, tested for clinical use in psychiatry. In this light, data from a field observation study at Regensburg University are presented here.

Material and Methods: 179 participants provided a stool sample and completed the Regensburg Microbiome Questionnaire (ReMBiQ). 16S-rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed to analyse the bacterial microbiome from collected stool samples. According to ReMBiQ information, a subgroup was selected. Within this group was a participant who had been treated for MDR-tuberculosis for 18 months at the time of sampling and four healthy controls who had been strictly matched along several criteria relevant to the gut microbiome.

Results: Alpha and beta diversity, which are typical measures for investigating the microbiome, showed clear separation of participants within the selected subgroup. Quantification of absolute bacterial abundances was achieved by spike-in-based calibration to total microbial load (SCML) and contributed relevant information. Overall, the genus Bacteroides were dominant at 94.5 %.

Conclusions: Even strong equal or similar interventions in the gut yield differing results. This calls for strict methodological standards, especially when the goal is to capture comparably small effects with experimental designs in neuroscience.

Clinical Relevance: Neuroscientific investigations of the gut microbiome in clinical studies applying combined therapies with antidepressants and antimicrobials will provide helpful insights into efficacy of novel therapy approaches.

 
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