Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2020; 41(03): 154-160
DOI: 10.1055/a-1034-7854
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injuries in High School Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Yuki Hasebe
1   Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
2   Department of Physical Therapy, Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
,
Kiyokazu Akasaka
2   Department of Physical Therapy, Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
3   School of Physical Therapy, Saitama Medical University Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
,
Takahiro Otsudo
2   Department of Physical Therapy, Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
3   School of Physical Therapy, Saitama Medical University Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
,
Yomei Tachibana
4   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
,
Toby Hall
5   School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University -Perth City Campus, Perth, Australia
6   Manual Concept, Perth, Australia
,
Mitsuru Yamamoto
1   Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted 11 October 2019

Publication Date:
05 January 2020 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

We evaluated a range of physical characteristics related to hamstring injuries, as well as the Nordic Hamstring Exercise compliance rate, and whether this influenced the rate hamstring injury. Subjects comprised 259 male soccer players from seven high schools randomly clustered into two groups, a Nordic Hamstring Exercise group and a control group. Training and match time were logged, as well as details of hamstring injury, and subsequent time lost to hamstring injury recorded over a period of 27 weeks. The Nordic Hamstring Exercise compliance rate, injury rate per 10000 playing hours and time-lost-to-sport-injury rate were calculated. The relative risk and hamstring injury severity were also calculated. The hamstring injury rate was 1.04/10 000 h in the control group and 0.88/10 000 h in the intervention group. The relative risk for hamstring injury was 1.14. The time-lost to injury rate was 1116.3/10 000 h in the control group and 113.7/10 000 h in the intervention group; with relative risk 9.81. The Nordic Hamstring Exercise in high school soccer players significantly reduced hamstring injury severity compared to a control intervention. Our results indicate that the time-lost to injury rate should be taken into account when analyzing the severity of hamstring injury.

Key words

injury prevention - time-lost-to-sport-injury rate - 50 m running time - 10000 playing hours - Nordic Hamstring Exercise - hamstring injury
 

  • References

  • 1 Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Waldén M. Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional soccer (soccer). Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: 1226-1232
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Woods C, Hawkins RD, Maltby S. et al. The Soccer Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional soccer–analysis of hamstring injuries. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38: 36-41
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Bennell KL, Crossley K. Musculoskeletal injuries in track and field: incidence, distribution and risk factors. Aust J Sci Med Sport 1996; 28: 69-75
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Feeley BT, Kennelly S, Barnes RP. et al. Epidemiology of National Soccer League training camp injuries from 1998 to 2007. Am J Sports Med 2008; 36: 1597-1603
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Orchard J, Seward H. Epidemiology of injuries in the Australian Soccer League, seasons 1997–2000. Br J Sports Med 2001; 29: 303-303
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Askling CM, Tengvar M, Saartok T. Thorstensson Alf. Acute first-time hamstring strains during high-speed running. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35: 197-206
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Montgomery WH, Pink M, Perry J. Electromyographic analysis of hip and knee musculature during running. Am J Sports Med 1994; 22: 272-278
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Sherry MA, Best TM. A comparison of 2 rehabilitation programs in the treatment of acute hamstring strains. J Orthop Sports Phys 2004; 34: 116-125
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Verrall GM, Slavotinek JP, Barnes PG. et al. Clinical risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury: a prospective study with correlation of injury by magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Sports Med 2001; 35: 435-439
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Wood GA. Biomechanical limitations to sprint running. In: Van Gheluwe B, Atha J (Eds). Current Research in Sports Biomechanics. Selected Topics. Medicine and Sport Science, Karger, Basel 1987; 25: 58-71
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Hawkins RD, Fuller CW. A prospective epidemiological study of injuries in four English professional soccer clubs. Br J Sports Med 1999; 33: 196-203
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Petersen J, Thorborg K, Nielsen MB. et al. Preventive effect of eccentric training on acute hamstring injuries in men’s soccer: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: 2296-2303
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Kordi R, Hemmati F, Heidarian H. et al. Comparison of the incidence, nature and cause of injuries sustained on dirt field and artificial turf by amateur football players. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol 2011; 3: 3
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Van Beijsterveldt AMC, Stubbe JH, Schmikli SL. et al. Differences in injury risk and characteristics between Dutch amateur and professional soccer players. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 18: 145-149
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Kawagoe T, Yamamoto Y, Suga Y. A study of injuries of soccer player in school students. The Hokkaido Journal of Physical Therapy 2002; 19: 102-104
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Freckleton G, Pizzari T. Risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury in sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47: 351-358 doi: 10.7600/jspfsm1949.43.343
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Hägglund M, Walde n M, Ekstrand J. Injuries among male and female elite football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 19: 819-827
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Heiderscheit BC, Sherry MA, Silder A. et al. Hamstring strain injuries: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. J Orthop Sports Phys 2010; 40: 67-81
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Arnason A, Andersen TE, Holme I. et al. Prevention of hamstring strains in elite soccer: an intervention study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008; 18: 40-48
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Van der Horst N, Smits DW, Petersen J. et al. The preventive effect of the Nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injuries in amateur soccer players: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43: 1316-1323
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Al Attar WSA, Soomro N, Pappas E. et al. Adding a post-training FIFA 11+exercise program to the pre-training FIFA 11+injury prevention program reduces injury rates among male amateur soccer players: a cluster-randomised trial. J Physiother 2017; 63: 235-242
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Al Attar WSA, Soomro N, Sinclair PJ. et al. Effect of injury prevention programs that include the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on hamstring injury rates in soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 2017; 47: 907-916
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Al Attar WSA, Soomro N, Sinclair PJ. et al. Implementation of an evidence-based injury prevention program in professional and semi-professional soccer. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching 2018; 13: 113-121
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Engebretsen AH, Myklevust G, Holme I. et al. Intrinsic risk factors for hamstring injuries among male soccer player: a prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med 2010; 38: 1147-1153
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Croisier JL, Ganteaume S, Binet J. et al. Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med 2008; 36: 1469-1475
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Mjølsnes R, Arnason A, Østhagen T. et al. A 10-week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well-trained soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2004; 14: 311-317
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A. et al. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40: 193-201
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Harriss DJ, Macsween A, Atkinson G. Standards for ethics in sport and exercise science research: 2020 update. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40: 813-817
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Suarez-Arrones L, Saez de Villarreal E, Núñez FJ. et al. In-season eccentric-overload training in elite soccer players: effects on body composition, strength and sprint performance. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0205332 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205332
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Bourne MN, Duhig SJ, Timmins RG. et al. Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring architecture and morphology: implications for injury prevention. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51: 469-477
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Clark R, Bryant A, Culgan JP. et al. The effects of eccentric hamstring strength training on dynamic jumping performance and isokinetic strength parameters: a pilot study on the implications for the prevention of hamstring injuries. Phys Ther Sport 2005; 6: 67-73
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Yeung SS, Suen AM, Yeung EW. A prospective cohort study of hamstring injuries in competitive sprinters: preseason muscle imbalance as a possible risk factor. Br J Sports Med 2009; 43: 589-594
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Peterson L, Junge A, Chomiak J. et al. Incidence of soccer injuries and complaints in different age groups and skill-level groups. Am J Sports Med 2000; 28: 51-57
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Sullivan JA, Gross RH, Grana WA. et al. Evaluation of injuries in youth soccer. Am J Sports Med 1980; 8: 325-327
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Kinugasa T, Nagasaki H, Ito H. et al. Effect of aging on motor ability in men aged 18–83 years. Jpn J Phys Fit Sports Med 1994; 43: 343-351 doi:10.7600/jspfsm1949.43.343
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Junge A, Lamprecht M, Stamm H. et al. Countrywide campaign to prevent soccer injuries in Swiss amateur players. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: 57-63
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Krist MR, Beijsterveldt AMC, Backx FJG. et al. Preventive exercises reduced injury-related costs among adult male amateur soccer players: a cluster-randomised trial. J Physio 2013; 59: 15-23
    PubMedGoogle Scholar