Peer-to-Peer-Selbsthilfe-Interventionen für Geflüchtete – eine Pilotstudie

Zusammenfassung

Die Ankunft einer großen Anzahl Geflüchteter in Deutschland seit 2015 hat zu wachsenden Herausforderungen im Gesundheitssystem geführt, auch im psychosozialen Bereich. Um die Kenntnisse Geflüchteter über die Angebote im psychosozialen Bereich zu verbessern und erste Hilfestellungen anzubieten, wurden an der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin eine manualisierte Peer-to-Peer-Unterstützung (P2P) entwickelt und P2P-Trainer/innen ausgebildet. In der hier beschriebenen Pilotstudie wurden vier P2P-Gruppen mit männlichen und weiblichen farsi / dari- oder arabischsprachigen Geflüchteten ausgewertet. Die Teilnehmenden wurden in Einzelinterviews zu wahrgenommenen Vor- und Nachteilen der P2P-Gruppe sowie ihrer Präferenzen und Erwartungen befragt. Die Daten wurden mithilfe der Software MAXQDA kodiert und thematisch analysiert. Alle Teilnehmenden der Gruppen äußerten Zufriedenheit mit dem P2P-Gruppenangebot. P2P half ihnen dabei, soziale Kontakte aufzubauen und soziale Unterstützung zu finden. Eine Flexibilisierung der P2P-Interventionen, ausgerichtet an individuellen Bedürfnissen, wurde gewünscht. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie legen nahe, dass P2P-Ansätze die Integration von Geflüchteten in die psychosoziale Versorgung verbessern können.

Abstract

The arrival of a large number of forcibly displaced people in Germany since 2015 has led to increased challenges in the mental health care system. To build up knowledge and raise awareness of refugees regarding mental health services and to provide practical support, a manual for peer-to-peer (P2P) counseling was developed at Charité-University Medical Center Berlin and refugees were trained as peer counsellors. In a pilot study, we qualitatively evaluated four P2P groups with Farsi / Dari or Arabic speaking male and female refugees. Individual interviews were conducted, which assessed perceived benefits and pitfalls of the P2P group as well as preferences and expectations of the participants. Data were coded and analyzed with the software package MAXQDA. All P2P participants expressed their satistfaction with the intervention. The P2P group helped them to find friends and to strengthen social support. Participants suggested to modify group sessions according to individual needs. The results of our study suggest that integrating P2P approaches in the mental health services for refugees may increase access to the health care system on the one hand and reduce access barriers on the other hand.

Schlüsselwörter

Flüchtlinge - psychische Gesundheit - Peer-to-Peer-Intervention (P2P) - Selbsthilfe - Abbau kulturbedingter Zugangsbarrieren

Key words

Refugees - mental health - peer support - self-help interventions - degradation of cultural barriers

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