Verminderung des kardiovaskulären Risikos an der Hämo- und Peritonealdialyse

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Dialysepatienten leiden in hohem Maße unter einer erhöhten kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität, die auch durch ernährungsbedingte Faktoren wie z. B. Hyperphosphatämie verursacht werden. Gerade hier spielt die Ernährungstherapie hinsichtlich phosphatreicher Nahrungsmittel eine wichtige Rolle. In letzter Zeit ist der Zusammenhang zwischen einer zu geringen alimentären Magnesium-Zufuhr und der Gefäßverkalkung durch die Kalzium-Phosphat-Komplexierung in den Fokus geraten. Hier wäre eine alimentäre Zufuhr wünschenswert, ist aber beim Dialysepatienten nur schwer durchführbar, da magnesiumreiche Nahrungsmittel meist auch kaliumreich sind. Ähnliches gilt für die mediterrane Kost, welche in der Allgemeinbevölkerung zur kardiovaskulären Risikoreduktion beiträgt. Beim Dialysepatienten konnte bisher jedoch nur der Nutzen von gesteigerter Obst- und Gemüsezufuhr hinsichtlich einer Mortalitätsreduktion nachgewiesen werden.

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