Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow-up of Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents

Abbreviation Description (German designation, if applicable)

μg Microgram

ABCC8 gene Gene localization for the sulfonylurea receptor 1

ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme

ACR Albumin-creatinine ratio

ADA American Diabetes Association

ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

AER Albumin excretion rate

AGA German Association for Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Adipositas)

AGPD German Pediatric Diabetology Association (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für pädiatrische Diabetologie)

AHCPR Agency for Health Care Policy and Research

AIHA Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Ab Antibodies

ALAT Alanine aminotransferase=liver enzyme

APS German Association for Pediatric Metabolic Disorders (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für pädiatrische Stoffwechselstörungen)

APS Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome

AT1 blocker Angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker

AWMF Scientific Medical Society Board

BABYDIAB German BabyDiab study

BAR German Federal Association for Rehabilitation

BdKJ German Diabetic Children and Adolescents’ Association

BG Blood glucose

BMI Body mass index

BMI-SDS Body mass index standard deviation score (standardized body mass index)

BS Blood sugar

CFRD Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes

CGM Continuous glucose monitoring

CK Creatine kinase

C-peptide Connecting peptide=part of proinsulin

CSII Continuous subcutaneous insulin injection=insulin pump

CT Computed tomography

DAG German Obesity Society (Deutsche Adipositas Gesellschaft)

DAISY Diabetes Autoimmunity Study of the Young

DCC Trial Diabetes Control and Complications Trial

DDG German Diabetes Society (Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft)

DEND Diabetes epilepsy and neurological delay

DENIS German Nicotinamide Intervention Study

DEPS-R Diabetes Eating Problem Survey—Revised

DGE German Society for Nutrition (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung)

DGEM German Society for Nutritional Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin)

DGKJP German Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychomatics and Psychotherapy (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugend- psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie)

diab Diabetic

Diabetes DE Diabetes-dedicated organization

DIAMYD Diamyd® study

DIPP Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Project

DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis

dl Deciliters

DNSG Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group

DPT-1 Diabetes Prevention Trial—Type 1

DPV Diabetes Patient Administration

EASD European Association for the Study of Diabetes

EDIC Trial Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Trial=successor to the DCC trial

EIF2AK3 gene Gene site for mutations which lead to a genetic syndrome with diabetes

EC Evidence class (methodological quality of a study according to criteria from evidence-based medicine)

ECG Electrocardiogram

EMA European Medicines Agency

ENDIT European Nicotinamide Intervention Trial

ES Educational support

ethn. Ethnic

fam Family

FES Family Environment Scale=scale for assessment of the social characteristics and environment of families

FOXP3 gene Gene site for mutations which lead to genetic syndromes with diabetes

FST-D Family system therapy for patients with diabetes

fT3 Free triiodothyronine

fT4 Free thyroxine

g Grams

GAD Glutamate decarboxylase

GCK Glucokinase

h Hour

HbA1c Glycolized hemoglobin

HDL High-density lipoprotein

HHS Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

HLA Human leucocyte antigen

HNF Hepatocyte nuclear factor

HTA Health technology assessment=systematic assessment of medical technologies, procedures, and aids, but also organization structures in which medical services are provided

IU International unit(s)

i.m. Intramuscular

i. v. Intravenous

IA2 Tyrosine phosphatase IA2 antibodies

IAA Insulin autoantibodies

ICA Islet cell antibodies

ICT Intensified conventional therapy

IgA Immunoglobulin A

IgG Immunoglobulin G

INS Insulin (gene)

IPEX syndrome Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome und Immundysregulation)

IPF-1gene Insulin promotor factor 1 gene=gene site for mutations which lead to MODY-4 diabetes

IRMA Intraretinal microvascular anomaly

ISPAD International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes

ITP Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

y Years

n.s. Not specified

kcal Kilocalories

KCNJ11 Inward-rectifier potassium channel, subfamily J, member 11

kg Kilograms

BW Body weight

Kir6.2 Gene localization for KCNJ11

KJHG German Child and Youth Welfare Law (Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetz)

l Liters

LDL Low-density lipoprotein

LGS Low-glucose suspend

m² Square meters

max. Maximum

mg Milligrams

Micro Microalbuminuria

min. Minimum

avg. average

MJ Megajoules

ml Milliliters

mm Millimeters

mmHg Millimeter of mercury=unit of measure for blood pressure

mmol Millimol

Mo Month(s)

MODY Maturity onset diabetes of the young=monogenic diabetes

MRI Magnetic resonance imaging

n Number

NaCl Sodium chloride

NDM Neonatal diabetes mellitus

NLG Nerve conduction velocity

NPH insulin Neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin

NYHA New York Heart Association=classification system by the New York Heart Association for severity of heart failure

OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test

p p-Value=Overshoot probability, statistical indication

PAL value Physical activity level (value for measuring physical performance)

Pat. Patient(s)

pCO2 Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure

pH potential of hydrogen=negative common logarithm for hydrogen ion activity, measure of a medium’s acidity

PLGM Predictive low-glucose management

PNDM Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus

RCT Randomized controlled trial

RR Riva Rocci=arterial pressure, measured acc. to the Riva Rocci method

s.c. subcutaneous

SC Standard care

SEARCH Search for diabetes in the youth study

SGB German Penal Code (Strafgesetzbuch)

SIGN Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network

sign. significant

SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

STIKO Standing Vaccination Commission of the Federal Republic of Germany (Ständige Impfkommission der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)

SUR 1 Sulfonylurea receptor 1

T3 Triiodothyronine

T4 Thyroxine

dly daily

Tg-Ab Thyroglobulin antibodies

TNDM Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus

TPO-Ab Thyroid peroxidase antibodies

TRAK TSH receptor autoantibodies

TRIGR Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at the Risk

TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone/thyrotropin

U Unit

UK United Kingdom

esp. especially

vs. versus

WHO World Health Organization

CNS Central nervous system

ZnT8 Zinc transporter 8